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Allgemeine Psychologie pp 401–434Cite as

Gedächtniskonzeptionen und Wissensrepräsentationen

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Zusammenfassung

Beim Stichwort „Gedächtnis“ denken die meisten Menschen zuerst an das Langzeitgedächtnis, weshalb dieses Thema zuerst und am ausführlichsten behandelt wird. Verschiedene Vorschläge, das Langzeitgedächtnis in Subsysteme zu unterteilen, werden vorgestellt und gewürdigt. Anschließend fokussiert das Kapitel auf Prozesse, die dem Langzeitgedächtnis zugeordnet werden können, z.B. das Vergessen. Besonders vielversprechend scheinen formale Gedächtnistheorien zu sein, in deren Rahmen sowohl die Strukturen als auch die Prozesse beschrieben werden, die an einer Gedächtnisleistung beteiligt sind. Zum Arbeitsgedächtnis werden zwei Modelle vorgestellt: ein traditionelles – das modulare Arbeitsgedächtnismodell, das inzwischen mit immer weniger Befunden in Einklang steht – und das Embedded-Processes-Modell. Am Ende wird das sensorische Gedächtnis behandelt, das sozusagen die Schnittstelle zwischen Gedächtnis und Wahrnehmung darstellt.

Schlüsselwörter: Langzeitgedächtnis; Gedächtnistäuschungen; Verarbeitungstiefe; Kontexteffekte; Interferenz; Globale Gedächtnismodelle; Modulares Arbeitsgedächtnismodell; Embedded-Processes-Modell; Sensorisches Gedächtnis

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Experimentelle Psychologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland

    Prof. Dr. Axel Buchner

  2. Lehrstuhl Psychologie III, Universität Mannheim, Schloss, Ehrenhof-Ost, 68131, Mannheim, Deutschland

    Dr. Martin Brandt

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  1. Institut für Psychologie, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany

    Jochen Müsseler

  2. UMIT – Private Universität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Medizinische Informatik und Technik, Institut für Psychologie, Hall in Tirol, Austria

    Martina Rieger

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Buchner, A., Brandt, M. (2017). Gedächtniskonzeptionen und Wissensrepräsentationen. In: Müsseler, J., Rieger, M. (eds) Allgemeine Psychologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53898-8_12

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