Abstract
Conditional strategies, in which individuals can exercise different tactics depending on the circumstances, are believed to be adaptive when the environment varies stochastically. We discuss a genetic model that treats such strategies as threshold traits. Examples are provided that illustrate how the model can be used to examine the effects of selection on conditional strategies when the environment varies spatially. The implications of the model for maintenance of conditional strategies in stochastic environments are discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alcock, J., Jones, C.E. & Buchmann, S. L. 1977. Male nesting strategies in the bee Centris pallida Fox (Anthophoridae: Hymenoptera). Am. Nat. 111:145–155.
Bulmer, M.G. & Bull, J.J. 1982. Models of polygenic sex determination and sex ratio control. Evolution 36:13–26.
Dawkins, R. 1980. Good strategy or evolutionary stable strategy? In Sociobiology: Beyond Nature/Nurture (eds. Barlow, G.W. & Silverberg, J.), pp. 331–367. Boulder, Colorado: Westview.
Dodson, S.I. 1989. Predator induced reaction norms. Bioscience. 39:447–452.
Falconer, D.S. 1981. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. London, England: Longman.
Greene, E. 1988. A diet-induced developmental polymorphism in a caterpillar. Science 243:643–646.
Gross, M. 1985. Disruptive selection for alternative life histories in salmon. Nature 313:47–48.
Harvell, C.D. 1990 The ecology and evolution of inducible defences. Quarterly Review of Biology 65:323–340.
Hairston, N.G., Jr. & Dillon, T.A. 1990. Fluctuating selection and response in a population of freshwater copepods. Evolution 44:1796–1805.
Hazel, W.N. & West, D.A. 1979. Environmental control of pupal colour in swallowtail butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilioninae). Ecological Entomology 4:393–400.
Hazel, W.N., Smock, R., and Johnson, M.D. 1990. A polygenic model of the evolution and maintenance of conditional strategies. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 242:181–187.
Krebs, J.R. & Davies, N.B. 1987. An Introduction to Behavioural Ecology. Oxford, England: Blackwell.
Levins, R. 1963. Theory of fitness in a heterogeneous environment. II. Developmental flexibility and niche selection. Am. Nat. 97:75–90.
Lively, C.M. 1986a. Predator-induced shell dimorphism in the acorn barnacle Chthamalus Canisopoma. Evolution 4:232–242.
Lively, C.M. 1986b. Competition, comparative life histories, and maintenance of shell dimorphism in a barnacle. Ecology 67:858–864.
Lively, C.M. 1986c. Canalization versus developmental conversion in spatially variable environment. Am. Nat. 128:561–572.
Lloyd, D.G. 1984. Variation strategies of plants in heterogeneous environments. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 21:357–385.
Moran, N.A. 1992. The evolutionary maintenance of alternative phenotypes. Am. Nat. 139:971–989.
Sims, S.R. 1983. The genetic and environmental basis of pupal colour dimorphism in Papilio zelicaon. Heredity 5:159–168.
Smith, A.G. 1978. Environmental factors influencing pupal colour in Lepidoptera. I. Experiments with Papilio polytes, Papilio demoleus, and Papilio polyxenes. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., B. 2:295–329.
Smith, A.G. 1978. Environmental factors influencing pupal colour in Lepidoptera. I. Experiments with Papilio polytes, Papilio demoleus, and Papilio polyxenes. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., B. 2:295–329.
West, D.A. & Hazel, W.N. 1979. Natural pupation sites of swallowtail butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilioninae): Papilio Apolyxenes Fabr., P. glaucus L., Battus philenor (L.). Ecological Entomology 4:387–392.
Wright, S. 1920. The relative importance of heredity and environment in determining the piebald pattern of guinea pigs. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 6:320–332.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hazel, W.N., Smock, R. (1993). Modeling Selection on Conditional Strategies in Stochastic Environments. In: Yoshimura, J., Clark, C.W. (eds) Adaptation in Stochastic Environments. Lecture Notes in Biomathematics, vol 98. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51483-8_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51483-8_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-56681-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-51483-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive