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Transformation and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide pp 55–71Cite as

Indirect Utilisation of Carbon Dioxide in Organic Synthesis for Valuable Chemicals

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Part of the book series: Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology ((GCST))

Abstract

Carbon dioxide has emerged as an important renewable carbon feedstock, and several processes are being investigated with the aim to minimise waste production and increase efficiency Carbon dioxide (CO2) is thermodynamically and kinetically very stable and therefore its direct use as a C-1 source poses significant challenge owing to its inertness. This chapter summarises recent developments in the chemical fixation of CO2 to valuable chemicals as well as defines the scope, potential and limitations of CO2 conversion. Currently, processes based on CO2 to methanol, urea, ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) are well developed. The chemicals derived from these molecules can be considered as indirect fixation of CO2 to various chemicals provided they are prepared from CO2. This can be a good alternative to direct fixation as these chemicals are reactive and can be converted to variety of other valuable chemicals. Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate, 1,3-disubstituted urea and 2-oxazolidinones/2-imidazolidinones from CO2 has limitations because of the reaction equilibrium and chemical inertness of CO2. This chapter mainly focuses on the preferred alternative and cleaner routes for their synthesis like transesterification of ethylene carbonate with methanol, transamination of ethylene carbonate with primary amine and transamination reaction of ethylene carbonate with diamines/β-amino alcohols, which are also discussed. On the other hand, CO2 is sequestered in nature as solid carbonate minerals, and these are abundant in nature in the form of mineral rocks (CaCO3). Catalytic hydrogenations of inorganic carbonates that are of significant interest for the production of fuels and chemicals, as they can be rapidly replenished by the carbonation process, are also discussed. Hence, these recent developments of phosgene-free approaches will sound to be viewed as a useful contribution for the indirect utilisation of CO2 in the synthesis of industrially important chemicals.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India

    Rahul A. Watile & Bhalchandra M. Bhanage

  2. Division of Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8626, Japan

    Shin-ichiro Fujita & Masahiko Arai

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  1. Rahul A. Watile
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  2. Bhalchandra M. Bhanage
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  3. Shin-ichiro Fujita
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Correspondence to Bhalchandra M. Bhanage .

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India

    Bhalchandra M. Bhanage

  2. Division of Chemical Process Engineering, Hokkaido University Faculty of Engineering, Sapporo, Japan

    Masahiko Arai

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Watile, R.A., Bhanage, B.M., Fujita, Si., Arai, M. (2014). Indirect Utilisation of Carbon Dioxide in Organic Synthesis for Valuable Chemicals. In: Bhanage, B., Arai, M. (eds) Transformation and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide. Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-44988-8_3

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