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PET and SPECT Findings in Patients with Hallucinations

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PET and SPECT in Psychiatry

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Abstract

Hallucinations remain one of the most intriguing phenomena in psychopathology. The development of neuroimaging techniques has enabled investigators to examine the neural underpinnings of hallucinatory symptoms present in schizophrenia and other disorders. Here we provide an overview of positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) neuroimaging studies in patients with hallucinations. The majority of these studies have been in schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations, and show increased metabolism or blood flow in auditory cortex and speech perception areas. A number of studies also implicate non-sensory brain regions such as the anterior cingulate cortex that may be involved in top-down attentional and speech monitoring processes. In patients with neurological disorders who experience visual hallucinations reduced activation in the ventral visual pathway is reported, again implicating a fundamental role for the modality-specific sensory cortex. In conclusion, findings from PET and SPECT neuroimaging studies might suggest that ‘imbalances’ between bottom-up sensory activation and top-down attentional modulation are the primary neurocognitive dysfunction that underpins the hallucinating brain.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK

    Matthijs G. Bossong & Paul Allen PhD

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  1. Matthijs G. Bossong
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  2. Paul Allen PhD
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Correspondence to Paul Allen PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Rudi A.J.O. Dierckx

  2. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Applied Sciences Offenburg, Offenburg, Germany

    Andreas Otte

  3. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Erik F. J. de Vries

  4. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Aren van Waarde

  5. Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands

    Johan A. den Boer

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Bossong, M.G., Allen, P. (2014). PET and SPECT Findings in Patients with Hallucinations. In: Dierckx, R., Otte, A., de Vries, E., van Waarde, A., den Boer, J. (eds) PET and SPECT in Psychiatry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40384-2_20

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