Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a sudden impairment in kidney function that results in the inability to maintain adequate fluid, electrolyte, and waste product homeostasis. It is increasingly recognized as a common and significant event for newborns cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit, with important implications for treatment decisions and clinical outcomes. Indeed, AKI is associated with mortality in critically ill children [2, 86] and adults [14, 25, 52, 65, 78], even after controlling for medical comorbidities, severity of illness scores, and patient demographics. Emerging data suggest a similar association in the neonatal population as well [32, 47, 48], such that kidney injury can no longer be viewed as an incidental finding but rather an important determinant of patient outcomes.
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Abbreviations
- ACE I:
-
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
- ATN:
-
Acute tubular necrosis
- AKI:
-
Acute kidney injury
- BUN:
-
Blood urea nitrogen
- CAKUT:
-
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract
- CVVHDF:
-
Continuous venovenous hemodi-afiltration
- ECMO:
-
Extracorporeal membrane oxygen-ation
- FENa:
-
Fractional excretion of sodium
- GFR:
-
Glomerular filtration rate
- K:
-
Potassium
- kg:
-
Kilogram
- L:
-
Liters
- Ml:
-
Milliliters
- mEq/dl:
-
Milliequivalents per deciliter
- Mg/dl:
-
Milligrams per deciliter
- Na:
-
Sodium
- NGAL:
-
Neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin
- NICU:
-
Neonatal intensive care unit
- NSAIDs:
-
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- SCr:
-
Serum creatinine
- VLBW:
-
Very low birth weight
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Jetton, J.G., Askenazi, D. (2014). Acute Kidney Injury in the Newborn. In: Chishti, A., Alam, S., Kiessling, S. (eds) Kidney and Urinary Tract Diseases in the Newborn. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39988-6_16
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