Skip to main content

Metamorphic Facies, Reactions, and PTt Paths

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Petrology
  • 6894 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter is concerned with metamorphic reactions that produce new minerals at the expense of reactant minerals in the protolith. Many of these reactions are useful thermometers and barometers. It is possible for the metamorphic petrologist to deduce the evolutionary history of a metamorphic complex in terms of pressure–temperature–time (or PTt) path. These topics and a brief presentation on metamorphic rocks are made in this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Boudins are resistant (“competent”) blocks that break apart and resist ductile deformation. In UHPM occurrences such boudins appear as a long chain of “necked” or discontinuous broken blocks surrounded by highly deformed matrix.

References

  • Anderson DL (1996) Enriched asthenosphere and depleted plumes. Int Geol Rev 38:1–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bucher K, Frey M (1994) Petrogenesis of metamorphic rocks, 6th edn. of H. Winkler’s textbook. Springer, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  • Carmichael DM (1969) Intersecting isograds in the whetstone lake area, Ontario. J Petrol 11:147–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chopin C (1984) Coesite and pure pyrope in high grade blueschists of the western Alps. Contrib Mineral Petrol 86:107–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman RG, Wang X (1995) Ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis DJ, Green DH (1979) An experimental study of the effect of Ca upon garnet-clinopyroxene Fe-Mg exchange equilibria. Contrib Mineral Petrol 71:13–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ernst WG (1976) Petrologic phase equilibria. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • Ernst WG (1988) Tectonic history of subduction zones: inferred from retrograde blueschists p-t paths. Geology 16:1081–1084

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferry JM, Spear FS (1978) Experimental calibration of the partitioning of Fe and Mg between biotite and garnet. Contrib Mineral Petrol 66:113–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green HW II, Burnley PC (1989) A low self-organizing mechanism for deep- focus earthquakes. Nature 341:737

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hacker BR, Liou JG (1998) When continents collide: geodynamics and geochemistry of ultrahigh-pressure rocks. Kluwer, Boston, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirby SH, Durham WB, Stern LA (1991) Mantle phase changer and deep earthquake faulting in subducting lithosphere. Science 252:216–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirby SH et al (1996a) Intermediate-depth intraslab earthquakes and arc volcanism as physical expressions of crustal and uppermost mantle metamorphism in subducting slabs. In: Bebout GE (ed) Subduction top to bottom, vol 96, Geophysical monograph. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp 195–214

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kirby SH et al (1996b) Metastable mantle phase transformations and deep earthquakes in subducting oceanic lithospher. Rev Geophys 34:261–306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liou JG (1971) P-T stabilities of laumontite, wairakite, lawsonite, and related minerals in the system CaAl2Si2O8–SiO2-H2O. J Petrol 12:379–411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miyashiro A (1973) Metamorphism and metamorphic belts. Wiley, New York, NY

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Peacock SM, Wang K (1999) Seismic consequences of warm versus cool subduction metamorphism: examples from southwest and northeast Japan. Science 286:937–939

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ringwood AE (1975) Composition and petrology of Earth’s mantle. McGraw Hill, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  • Saxena SK (1973) Thermodynamics of rock-forming crystalline solutions. Springer, New York, NY

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sen G (1988) Petrogenesis of spinel lherzolite and pyroxenite suite xenoliths from the koolau shield, Oahu, Hawaii: implications for petrology of the post.-eruptive lithosphere beneath Oahu. Contrib Mineral Petrol 100:61–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sen G, Jones R (1989) Experimental equilibration of multicomponent pyroxenes in the spinel peridotite field: implication for practical thermometers and a possible barometer. J Geophys Res 94:17871–17880

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spear FS (1993) Metamorphic phase equilibiria. Pressure-temperature-time paths. Monograph. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Spear FS, Selverstone J (1983) Quantitative P-T paths from zoning in minerals: theory and some tectonic applications. Contrib Mineral Petrol 83:348–357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson JB Jr (1957) The graphical analysis of mineral assemblages in pelitic schist. Am Mineral 42:842–858

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson JB Jr (1982a) Composition space: an algebraic and geometric approach. Rev Mineral 10:1–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson JB Jr (1982b) Reaction space: an algebraic and geometric approach. Rev Mineral 10:33–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner FJ (1968) Metamorphic petrology. McGraw Hill, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  • Miyashiro A (1961) Evolution of metamorphic belt. J Petrol 2:277–311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Best MG (1982) Igneous and metamorphic petrology. Wiley, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy CS, Kennedy GC (1976) The equilibrium boundary between graphite and diamond. J Geophys Res 81:2467–2470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hacker BR, Peacock SM (1995) Creation, preservation and exhumation of UHPM rocks. In: Coleman RG, Wang X (eds) Ultrahigh pressure metamorphism. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 159–181

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wood BJ, Fraser DG (1976) Elementary thermodynamics for geologists. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Krogh EJ (1988) The garnet-clinopyrxene Fe-Mg geothermometer- A reinterpretation of existing experimental data. Contrib Mineral Petrol 99:44–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindsley DH, Dixon SA (1976) Diopside-enstatite equilibria at 850 to 1400’C, 5 to 35 kbars. Am J Sci 276:1285–1301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood BJ, Banno S (1973) Garnet-orthopyroxene and garnet-clinopyroxene relationships in simple and complex systems. Contrib Mineral Petrol 42:109–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koziol AM, Newton RC (1978) Redetermination of the anorthite breakdown reaction and improvement of plagioclase-garnet-Al2SiO5-quartz barometer. Am Mineral 73:216–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrow G (1893) On an intrusion of muscovite-biotite gneiss in the south-eastern Highlands of Scotland, and its accompanying metamorphism. Q J Geol Soc 49:30–358, available from Lyell collection: http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eskola, P (1920) The mineral facies of rocks. Norsk. Geol. Tidsskr, 6:143–194

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sen, G. (2014). Metamorphic Facies, Reactions, and PTt Paths. In: Petrology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38800-2_16

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics