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Risk-Informed Management of European River Basins pp 21–52Cite as

Soil–Sediment–River Connections: Catchment Processes Delivering Pressures to River Catchments

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Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 29))

Abstract

This chapter presents and discusses the soil–sediment–river connections and summarises the pressures at the basin scale from their causes (natural and anthropogenic drivers) to their consequences (impacts on biophysical status). Nine important pressures on river basins are evidenced with respect to their temporal and spatial scale of occurrence and their impact on the river basin at the basin scale and concerns: erosion, sealing, compaction, hydromorphological changes, salinisation, contamination, changes in water quantity, acidification and reduction of soil organic matter. Each pressure can affect the biophysical status, and the simultaneous presence of pressures can have cumulative or compensatory impacts on biophysical status through propagation. Eight biophysical statuses were identified (concentration of chemicals, trophic status, biota status, buffering capacity, salinity, suspended matter and sediment, water level, morphology and pedology), and the pressures are described in this chapter in the sense of impacts on these biophysical status.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Granite or basalt rock type formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava

  2. 2.

    Arise from the transformation of existing rock types through metamorphism (initial rock subjected to high temperature and pressure causing profound physical and/or chemical change)

  3. 3.

    Formed by the processes of compaction and cementation of sediment over a long period of time

  4. 4.

    See http://www.czen.org/

  5. 5.

    See http://sustainability.gly.bris.ac.uk/soilcritzone/

  6. 6.

    See http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2000-clc2000-seamless-vector-database-4

  7. 7.

    http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/library/themes/salinization/

  8. 8.

    See http://www.ipcc.ch/ (IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change), available at http://www.ipcc.ch/; IPCC (2009) Climate change and Water. IPCC reports, 7 Dec 2009, p 200)

  9. 9.

    See http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/ (World Water Assessment Program. Available at http://www.unesco.org/water/wwap/)

  10. 10.

    See http://www.acqwa.ch/; http://www.crue-eranet.net/; http://www.floodsite.net/

  11. 11.

    See http://www.eurolimpacs.ucl.ac.uk/

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. BRGM, 3, avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orléans cedex 2, France

    Philippe Négrel, Corine Merly, Laurence Gourcy, Olivier Cerdan & Emmanuelle Petelet-Giraud

  2. Umweltbundesamt/Environment Agency Abt. Grundwasser, Spittelauer Lände 5, AT-1090, Wien, Austria

    Martin Kralik

  3. Deltares, 85467, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Gerard Klaver & Geert van Wirdum

  4. Amsteldijk Zuid 167, 1189VM, Amstelveen, The Netherlands

    Joop Vegter

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  1. Philippe Négrel
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  1. Deltares, Utrecht, Netherlands

    Jos Brils

  2. Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany

    Werner Brack

  3. Umweltbundesamt GmbH, Wien, Austria

    Dietmar Müller-Grabherr

  4. Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Mini, Orléans cedex 2, France

    Philippe Négrel

  5. Inst. Environmental Studies, Free University Amsterdam Fac. Earth & Life Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands

    Jan E. Vermaat

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Négrel, P. et al. (2014). Soil–Sediment–River Connections: Catchment Processes Delivering Pressures to River Catchments. In: Brils, J., Brack, W., Müller-Grabherr, D., Négrel, P., Vermaat, J. (eds) Risk-Informed Management of European River Basins. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 29. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38598-8_2

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