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Yarrowia lipolytica pp 227–262Cite as

Cytochromes P450 of the Alkane-Utilising Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica

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Part of the book series: Microbiology Monographs ((MICROMONO,volume 25))

Abstract

Since the first studies in 1980s, P450 has been shown to be induced during growth of Y. lipolytica on alkanes, fatty alcohols and fatty acids and evidenced to be involved in terminal hydroxylation of alkanes and ω-hydroxylation of fatty acids without differentiation between P450 isoforms. The alkane-hydroxylating P450 exhibit an extraordinary high in vivo activity with turnover numbers up to 3,000/min.

Altogether Y. lipolytica contains 17 P450 genes and electron transfer protein genes, encoding for NADPH-P450 reductase, NADH-b5 reductase and cytochrome b5. The multiple paralog P450 genes ALK1 to ALK12, classified into the CYP52 family of the P450 supergene family CYP, were detected by gene cloning and deduced from the Y. lipolytica genome sequence and represent predominantly alkane- or fatty acid-inducible genes. The multiplicity in the CYP52 family reflects an adaptation to the utilisation of different hydrocarbons and fatty acids and is assumed to be a result of gene duplications and divergent evolution from an ancestral gene. Additionally, P450 genes were deduced, encoding for P450 14DM (CYP51F) and P450 22DS (CYP61A) being involved in ergosterol biosynthesis, and moreover three putative P450 genes (P4501 to P4503) were detected, which function remains to be elucidated.

The P450 ALK genes have obviously diversified in their inducibiltiy and regulation, and in the substrate, chain-length and regioselectivity of encoded P450. However, functional analyses have been performed only for a subset of P450s of Candida spp. and Y. lipolytica, and the in vivo function of most individual P450ALK remains to be studied.

Throughout this section n-alkanes and fatty acids (FA) of defined chain lengths will be referred to as C10 (decane), C12 (dodecane), C14 (tetradecane), hexadecane (C16), dodecanoic or lauric acid (C12FA), palmitic acid (C16FA), etc., in accordance with the number of carbon atoms they contain

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Abbreviations

aa:

Amino acids

AHA:

Alkane hydroxylase activity

AMOS:

Alkane monooxygenase system

C. :

Candida

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

FADH:

NAD(P)+-dependent fatty alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH genes)

FAHA:

Fatty acid ω-hydroxylase activity

FALDH:

NAD(P)+-dependent fatty aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALD genes)

FAO:

Fatty alcohol oxidases (FAO genes)

P450:

Cytochrome P450

S. :

Saccharomyces

Y. :

Yarrowia

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Acknowledgements

I would like to thank my collaborators Masamichi Takagi (Tokyo University), Wolf-Hagen Schunck (MDC Berlin), Andrey Sharyshev (IBPM Pushchino), Thomas Juretzek, André Förster and Patrick Petzsch (TU Dresden) for sharing unpublished results and for fruitful discussions and permanent interest in this research field. Part of this work was supported in part by grant 0310257A from the Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie (BMFT) of Germany.

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  1. Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 13, 01062, Dresden, Germany

    Stephan Mauersberger

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  1. Stephan Mauersberger
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Correspondence to Stephan Mauersberger .

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  1. TU Dresden Inst. Mikrobiologie, Dresden, Sachsen, Germany

    Gerold Barth

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Mauersberger, S. (2013). Cytochromes P450 of the Alkane-Utilising Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica . In: Barth, G. (eds) Yarrowia lipolytica. Microbiology Monographs, vol 25. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38583-4_8

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