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Induction of Germination

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Parasitic Orobanchaceae

Abstract

Germination is the first crucial step in the life cycle of obligate root parasitic Orobanchaceae, which cannot survive on their own. Therefore, germination of the tiny seeds with minimal reserves should occur only near host roots. These parasites detect the presence of hosts by using root-derived signalling molecules belonging to several distinct classes of metabolites. Strigolactones, the most important germination stimulants, are derived from carotenoids through the action of carotenoid isomerase, carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases, and possibly a cytochrome P450 enzyme. Strigolactone production is increased under phosphate and nitrogen deficiencies. Strigolactones also attract arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and act as plant hormones that decrease shoot and increase root branching. Various strigolactones have been identified, and the biological processes have differential sensitivity to different strigolactones. Germination stimulants may be a target for the control of parasitic weeds, but considering their other biological functions, such strategies need to be carefully analyzed for unwanted side effects.

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Acknowledgements

KY acknowledges grants from KAKENHI (18208010, 23338006) and Program for Promotion of Basic and Applied Researches for Innovations in Bio-oriented Industry. HB acknowledges funding by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO; VICI grant, 865.06.002 and Equipment grant, 834.08.001). He was co-financed by the Centre for BioSystems Genomics (CBSG) which is part of the Netherlands Genomics Initiative/Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Weed Science Center, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan

    Koichi Yoneyama

  2. Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Carolien Ruyter-Spira & Harro Bouwmeester

  3. Plant Research International, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Carolien Ruyter-Spira

  4. Centre for BioSystems Genomics, 98, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Harro Bouwmeester

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  1. Koichi Yoneyama
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  2. Carolien Ruyter-Spira
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  3. Harro Bouwmeester
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Correspondence to Koichi Yoneyama .

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  1. Agricultural Research Organization, Newe-Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat-Yishay, Israel

    Daniel M. Joel

  2. Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

    Jonathan Gressel

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA

    Lytton J. Musselman

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Yoneyama, K., Ruyter-Spira, C., Bouwmeester, H. (2013). Induction of Germination. In: Joel, D., Gressel, J., Musselman, L. (eds) Parasitic Orobanchaceae. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38146-1_10

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