Abstract
Climate change is expected to introduce new challenges for sustainable crop production worldwide. High temperature, less water availability, and emergence of new pests and pathogens calls for changing strategies and using biotechnological interventions to meet these challenges to sustaining food supply. Engineering biotic and abiotic stress tolerance will require concerted and combined efforts by plant breeders and biotechnologists alike. Several genes have been identified to have potential in mitigating climate change effects. These can be broadly classified as single-action genes and multiple action genes. Single action genes include osmoprotectants, detoxifying, LEA, HSP, ANPs, and ion transporters which have incremental roles in providing abiotic stress tolerance. Multiaction regulatory genes provide an attractive strategy to improve crop plants as these genes activate a cascade of genes which act together to enhance stress tolerance. CBF/DREB, SNAC, MYB, HSF, and AREB are some candidate genes of this category. Signal transduction genes such as osmosensors, AHK1, SNF1-related kinases are potential candidate genes for engineering stress tolerance in the near future. For insect resistance cry genes will remain the ideal choice however, engineering biotic resistance will involve new technologies such as RNAi and micro RNAs for combating insects and pests. Regulatory genes and genes involved in signal transduction will assume great importance in developing cultivars adapted to the threats of climate change. Here we review the target traits and potential genes for engineering stress tolerance in crop plants to meet climate change challenges for food production.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abe H, Urao T, Ito T, Seki M, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2003) Arabidopsis AtMYC2 (bHLH) and AtMYB2 (MYB) function as transcriptional activators in abscisic acid signaling. Plant Cell 15:63–78
Abel PP, Nelson RS, De B, Hoffmann N, Rogers SG, Fraley RT, Beachy RN (1986) Delay of disease development in transgenic plants that express the tobacco mosaic-virus coat protein gene. Science 232:738–743
Ainsworth EA, Rogers A, Leakey AD (2008) Targets for crop biotechnology in a future high-CO2 and high-O3 world. Plant Physiol 147:13–19
Alcazar R, Planas J, Saxena T, Zarza X, Bortolotti C, Cuevas J, Bitrian M, Tiburcio AF, Altabella T (2010) Putrescine accumulation confers drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the homologous arginine decarboxylase 2 gene. Plant Physiol Biochem 48:547–552
Alig RJ, Adams DM, McCarl BA (2002) Projecting impacts of global climate change on the US forest and agriculture sectors and carbon budgets. For Ecol Manag 169:3–14
Altpeter F, Varshney A, Abderhalden O, Douchkov D, Sautter C, Kumlehn J, Dudler R, Schweizer P (2005) Stable expression of a defense-related gene in wheat epidermis under transcriptional control of a novel promoter confers pathogen resistance. Plant Mol Biol 57:271–283
Anuradha TS, Divya K, Jami SK, Kirti PB (2008) Transgenic tobacco and peanut plants expressing a mustard defensin show resistance to fungal pathogens. Plant Cell Rep 27:1777–1786
Apse MP, Aharon GS, Snedden WA, Blumwald E (1999) Salt tolerance conferred by overexpression of a vascoular Na+/H+ antiport in Arabidopsis. Science 285:1256–1258
Atkinson HJ, Urwin PE, McPherson MJ (2003) Engineering plants for nematode resistance. Annu Rev Phytopathol 41:615–639
Atkinson HJ, Grimwood S, Johnston K, Green J (2004) Prototype demonstration of transgenic resistance to the nematode Radopholus similis conferred on banana by a cystatin. Transgenic Res 13:135–142
Atkinson HJ, Lilley CJ, Urwin PE (2012) Strategies for transgenic nematode control in developed and developing world crops. Curr Opin Biotechnol 23:251–256
Baena-González E, Rolland F, Thevelein JM, Sheen J (2007) A central integrator of transcription networks in plant stress and energy signalling. Nature 448:938–942
Bale JS, Masters GJ, Hodkinson ID, Awmack C, Bezemer TM, Brown VK, Butterfield J, Buse A, Coulson JC, Farrar J, Good JEG, Harrington R, Hartley S, Jones TH, Lindroth RL, Press MC, Symrnioudis I, Watt AD, Whittaker JB (2002) Herbivory in global climate change research: direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores. Glob Change Biol 8:1–16
Bartels D, Sunkar R (2005) Drought and salt tolerance in plants. Crit Rev Plant Sci 21:1–36
Baum JA, Bogaert T, Clinton W, Heck GR, Feldmann P, Ilagan O, Johnson S, Plaetinck G, Munyikwa T, Pleau M, Vaughn T, Roberts J (2007) Control of coleopteran insect pests through RNA interference. Nat Biotechnol 25:1322–1326
Bhatnagar-Mathur P, Vadez V, Sharma KK (2008) Transgenic approaches for abiotic stress tolerance in plants: retrospect and prospects. Plant Cell Rep 27:411–424
Bohnert HJ, Nelson DF, Jenson RG (1995) Adaptation to environmental stresses. Plant Cell 7:1099–1111
Bordás M, Montesinos C, Dabauza M, Salvador A, Roig LA, Serrano R, Moreno V (1997) Transfer of the yeast salt tolerance gene HAL1 to Cucumis melo L. cultivars and in vitro evaluation of salt tolerance. Transgenic Res 5:1–10
Boudsocq M, Barbier-Brygoo H, Lauriere C (2004) Identification of nine sucrose nonfermenting 1-related protein kinases 2 activated by hyperosmotic and saline stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem 279:41758–41766
Bowler C, Slooten L, Vandenbranden S, Rycke RD, Botterman J, Sybesma C, van Montagu M, Inze D (1991) Manganese superoxide dismutase can reduce cellular damage mediated by oxygen radicals in transgenic plants. EMBO J 10:1723–1732
Bravo A, Gill SS, Soberon M (2007) Mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry and Cyt toxins and their potential for insect control. Toxicon 49:423–435
Bray EA (1993) Molecular responses to water deficit. Plant Physiol 103:1035–1040
Capell T, Bassie L, Christou P (2004) Modulation of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway in transgenic rice confers tolerance to drought stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:9909–9914
Cerdeira AL, Duke SO (2006) The current status and environmental impacts of glyphosate-resistant crops: a review. J Environ Qual 35:1633–1658
Chan YL, Yang AH, Chen JT, Yeh KW, Chan MT (2010) Heterologous expression of taro cystatin protects transgenic tomato against Meloidogyne incognita infection by means of interfering sex determination and suppressing gall formation. Plant Cell Rep 29:231–238
Chen TH, Murata N (2002) Enhancement of tolerance of abiotic stress by metabolic engineering of betaines and other compatible solutes. Curr Opin Plant Biol 5:250–257
Chen TH, Murata N (2011) Glycinebetaine protects plants against abiotic stress: mechanisms and biotechnological applications. Plant Cell Environ 34:1–20
Chen W, Singh KB (1999) The auxin, hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid induced expression of the Arabidopsis GST6 promoter is mediated in part by an ocs element. Plant J 19:667–677
Chen BJ, Wang Y, Hu YL, Wu Q, Lin ZP (2005) Cloning and characterization of a drought-inducible MYB gene from Boea crassifolia. Plant Sci 168:493–500
Cheng WH, Endo A, Zhou L, Penney J, Chen HC, Arroyo A, Leon P, Nambara E, Asami T, Seo M (2002) A unique short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase in Arabidopsis glucose signaling and abscisic acid biosynthesis and functions. Plant Cell 14:2723–2743
Chinnusamy V, Jagendorf A, Zhu JK (2005) Understanding and improving salt tolerance in plants. Crop Sci 45:437–448
Chitkowski RL, Turnipseed SG, Sullivan MJ, Bridges WC (2003) Field and laboratory evaluations of transgenic cottons expressing one or two Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berliner proteins for management of noctuid (Lepidoptera) pests. J Econ Entomol 96:755–762
Coakley SM, Scherm H, Chakraborty S (1999) Climate change and plant disease management. Annu Rev Phytopathol 37:399–426
Cober ER, Rioux S, Rajcan I, Donaldson PA, Simmonds DH (2003) Partial resistance to white mold in a transgenic soybean line. Crop Sci 43:92–95
Coca M, Bortolotti C, Rufat M, Penas G, Eritja R, Tharreau D, del Pozo AM, Messeguer J, San Segundo B (2004) Transgenic rice plants expressing the antifungal AFP protein from Aspergillus giganteus show enhanced resistance to the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Plant Mol Biol 54:245–259
Collinge DB, Lund OS, Thordal-Christensen H (2008) What are the prospects for genetically engineered, disease resistant plants? Eur J Plant Pathol 121:217–231
Collinge DB, Jorgensen HJL, Lund OS, Lyngkjaer MF (2010) Engineering pathogen resistance in crop plants: current trends and future prospects. Annu Rev Phytopathol 48:269–291
Corbin DR, Grebenok RJ, Ohnmeiss TE, Greenplate JT, Purcell JP (2001) Expression and chloroplast targeting of cholesterol oxidase in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Physiol 126:1116–1128
Cortina C, Culiánez-Maciá F (2005) Tomato abiotic stress enhanced tolerance by trehalose biosynthesis. Plant Sci 169:75–82
Crickmore N (2006) Beyond the spore - past and future developments of Bacillus thuringiensis as a biopesticide. J Appl Microbiol 101:616–619
Dasgupta I, Malathi VG, Mukherjee SK (2003) Genetic engineering for virus resistance. Curr Sci 84:341–354
Datta K, Tu JM, Oliva N, Ona I, Velazhahan R, Mew TW, Muthukrishnan S, Datta SK (2001) Enhanced resistance to sheath blight by constitutive expression of infection-related rice chitinase in transgenic elite indica rice cultivars. Plant Sci 160:405–414
Davenport RJ, Muñoz-Mayor A, Jha D, Essah PA, Rus A, Tester M (2007) The Na+ transporter AtHKT1 controls xylem retrieval of Na+ in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Environ 30:497–507
Delauney AJ, Verma DPS (1993) Proline biosynthesis and osmoregulation in plants. Plant J 4:215–223
Dill GM (2005) Glyphosate-resistant crops: history, status and future. Pest Manag Sci 61:219–224
Dill GM, Padgette SR, Jacob CA (2008) Glyphosate-resistant crops: adoption, use and future considerations. Pest Manag Sci 64:326–331
Dingenen RV, Dentener FJ, Raes F, Krol MC, Emberson L, Cofala J (2009) The global impact of ozone on agricultural crop yields under current and future air quality legislation. Atmos Environ 43(3):604–618
Dong YH, Xu JL, Li XZ, Zhang LH (2000) AiiA, an enzyme that inactivates the acylhomoserine lactone quorum-sensing signal and attenuates the virulence of Erwinia carotovora. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:3526–3531
Dong C, Agarwal M, Zhang Y, Xie Q, Zhu JK (2006) The negative regulator of plant cold responses, HOS1, is a RING E3 ligase that mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of ICE1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:8281–8286
Dufourmantel N, Tissot G, Goutorbe F, Garcon F, Muhr C, Jansens S, Pelissier B, Peltier G, Dubald M (2005) Generation and analysis of soybean plastid transformants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab protoxin. Plant Mol Biol 58:659–668
Duke SO (2006) The use of transgenes for weed management. J Plant Dis Prot 20:3–10
Dure L III (1993) A repeating 11-mer amino acid motif and plant desiccation. Plant J 3:363–369
Fang J, Xu XL, Wang P, Zhao JZ, Shelton AM, Cheng J, Feng MG, Shen ZC (2007) Characterization of chimeric Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3 toxins. Appl Environ Microbiol 73:956–961
FAOSTAT (2011) http://faostat.fao.org/
Fermin G, Inglessis V, Garboza C, Rangel S, Dagert M, Gonsalves D (2004) Engineered resistance against Papaya ring spot virus in Venezuelan transgenic papayas. Plant Dis 88:516–522
Fiscus EL, Booker FL, Burkey KO (2005) Crop responses to ozone: uptake, modes of action, carbon assimilation and partitioning. Plant Cell Environ 28(8):997–1011
Foissac X, Thi Loc N, Christou P, Gatehouse AM, Gatehouse JA (2000) Resistance to green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens) and brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) in transgenic rice expressing snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; GNA). J Insect Physiol 46:573–583
Frumhoff PC, McCarthy JJ, Melillo JM, Moser SC, Wuebbles DJ (2007) Confronting climate change in the U.S. Northeast: science, impacts and solutions (Synthesis Report of the Northeast Climate Impacts Assessment). Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA, 146 p
Fujii H, Zhu JK (2009) Arabidopsis mutant deficient in 3 abscisic acid activated protein kinases reveals critical roles in growth, reproduction and stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:8380–8385
Fukai S, Cooper M (1995) Developing resistant cultivars using physiomorphological traits in rice. Field Crops Res 40:67–86
Fuller VL, Lilley CJ, Urwin PE (2008) Nematode resistance. New Phytol 180:27–44
Furihata T, Maruyama K, Fujita Y, Umezawa T, Yoshida R, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2006) ABA-dependent multisite phosphorylation regulates the activity of a transcription activator AREB1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:1988–1993
Gan JB (2004) Risk and damage of southern pine beetle outbreaks under global climate change. For Ecol Manag 191:61–71
Garg AK, Kim JK, Owens TG, Ranwala AP, Choi YC, Kochian LV, Wu RJ (2002) Trehalose accumulation in rice plants confers high tolerance levels to different abiotic stresses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:15898–15903
Garrett KA, Dendy SP, Frank EE, Rouse MN, Travers SE (2006) Climate change effects on plant disease: genomes to ecosystems. Annu Rev Phytopathol 44:489–509
Gatehouse JA (2008) Biotechnological prospects for engineering insect-resistant plants. Plant Physiol 146:881–887
Gatehouse JA (2011) Prospects for using proteinase inhibitors to protect transgenic plants against attack by herbivorous insects. Curr Protein Pept Sci 12:409–416
Germain V, Ricard B, Raymond P, Saglio PH (1997) The role of sugars, hexokinase, and sucrose synthase in the determination of hypoxically induced tolerance to anoxia in tomato roots. Plant Physiol 114:167–175
Giraud E, Ho LH, Clifton R, Carroll A, Estavillo G, Tan YF, Howell KA, Ivanova A, Pogson BJ, Millar AH, Whelan J (2008) The absence of ALTERNATIVE OXIDASE1a in Arabidopsis results in acute sensitivity to combined light and drought stress. Plant Physiol 147:595–610
Gisbert C, Rus AM, Bolarin MC, Lopez-Coronado M, Arrillaga I, Montesinos C, Caro M, Serrano R, Moreno V (2000) The yeast HAL1 gene improves salt tolerance of transgenic tomato. Plant Physiol 123:393–402
Golemboski DB, Lomonossoff GP, Zaitlin M (1990) Plants transformed with a tobacco mosaic-virus nonstructural gene sequence are resistant to the virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:6311–6315
González A, Cabrera M, Henríquez MJ, Contreras RA, Morales B, Moenne A (2012) Cross talk among calcium, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide and activation of gene expression involving calmodulins and calcium-dependent protein kinases in Ulva compressa exposed to copper excess. Plant Physiol 158(3):1451–1462
Gregory PJ, Johnson SN, Newton AC, Ingram JS (2009) Integrating pests and pathogens into the climate change/food security debate. J Exp Bot 60:2827–2838
Grover A, Minhas D (2000) Towards production of abiotic stress tolerant transgenic rice plants: issues, progress and future research needs. Proc Indian Natl Sci Acad B Rev Tracts Biol Sci 66:13–32
Grover A, Kapoor A, Satya Lakshmi O, Agrawal S, Sahi C, Katiyar-Agarwal S, Agarwal M, Dubey H (2001) Understanding molecular alphabets of the plant abiotic stress responses. Curr Sci 80:206–216
Gu YQ, Wildermuth MC, Chakravarthy S, Loh YT, Yang C, He X, Han Y, Martin GB (2002) Tomato transcription factors Pti4, Pti5, and Pti6 activate defense responses when expressed in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 14:817–831
Harper J, Breton G, Harmon A (2004) Decoding Ca2+ signals through plant protein kinases. Annu Rev Plant Biol 55:263–288
Harrington R, Fleming R, Woiwood IP (2001) Climate change impacts on insect management and conservation in temperate regions: can they be predicted? Agric For Entomol 3:233–240
Hartikainen K, Nerg A-M, Kivimäenpää M, Kontunen-Soppela S, Mäenpää M, Oksanen E, Rousi M, Holopainen T (2009) Emissions of volatile organic compounds and leaf structural characteristics of European aspen (Populus tremula) grown under elevated ozone and temperature. Tree Physiol 29(1):53–66
Hatfield J, Boote K, Fay P, Hahn L, Izaurralde C, Kimball BA, Mader T, Morgan J, Ort D, Polley W, Thomson A, Wolfe D (2008) Agriculture. In: Backlund P, Janetos A, Schimel D, Hatfield J, Boote K, Fay P, Hahn L, Izaurralde C, Kimball BA, Mader T, Morgan J, Ort D, Polley W, Thomson A, Wolfe D, Ryan MJ, Archer SR, Birdsey R, Dahm C, Heath L, Hicke J, Hollinger D, Huxman T, Okin G, Oren R, Randerson J, Schlesinger W, Lettenmaier D, Major D, Poff L, Running S, Hansen L, Inouye D, Kelly BP, Meyerson L, Peterson B, Shaw R (eds) The effects of climate change on agriculture, land resources, water resources, and biodiversity in the United States synthesis and assessment product 4.3. US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, pp 21–74
Herman PL, Behrens M, Chakraborty S, Chrastil BM, Barycki J, Weeks DP (2005) A three-component dicamba O-demethylase from Pseudomonas maltophilia, strain DI-6. J Biol Chem 280:24759–24767
Herouet C, Esdaile DJ, Mallyon BA, Debruyne E, Schulz A, Currier T, Hendrickx D, van der Klis RJ, Rouan D (2005) Safety evaluation of the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase proteins encoded by the pat and bar sequences that confer tolerance to glufosinate-ammonium herbicide in transgenic plants. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 41:134–149
Heyne EG, Brunson AM (1940) Genetic studies of heat and drought tolerance in maize. J Am Soc Agron 32:803–814
Hong-Bing Y (2011) Comparative study of osmoticum accumulation in wheat under osmotic and ionic stress. Afr J Agric Res 6(32):6661–6664
Hossain MA, Maiti MK, Basu A, Sen S, Ghosh AK, Sen SK (2006) Transgenic expression of onion leaf lectin gene in Indian mustard offers protection against aphid colonization. Crop Sci 46:2022–2032
Hrabak EM, Chan CW, Gribskov M, Harper JF, Choi JH, Halford N, Kudla J, Luan S, Nimmo HG, Sussman MR, Thomas M, Walker-Simmons K, Zhu JK, Harmon AC (2003) The Arabidopsis CDPK– SnRK superfamily of protein kinases. Plant Physiol 132:666–680
Hu H, Dai M, Yao J, Xiao B, Li X, Zhang Q, Xiong L (2006) Overexpressing a NAM, ATAF, and CUC (NAC) transcription factor enhances drought resistance and salt tolerance in rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 35:12987–12992
Hu H, You J, Fang Y, Zhu X, Qi Z, Xiong L (2008) Characterization of transcription factor gene SNAC2 conferring cold and salt tolerance in rice. Plant Mol Biol 67:169–181
Huang Y, Nordeen RO, Di M, Owens LD, McBeath JH (1997) Expression of an engineered cecropin gene cassette in transgenic tobacco plants confers disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci. Phytopathology 87:494–499
Huang GZ, Allen R, Davis EL, Baum TJ, Hussey RS (2006) Engineering broad root-knot resistance in transgenic plants by RNAi silencing of a conserved and essential root-knot nematode parasitism gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:14302–14306
Ichimura K, Shinozaki K, Tena G, Sheen J, Henry Y, Champion A, Kreis M, Zhang SQ, Hirt H, Wilson C, Heberle-Bors E, Ellis BE, Morris PC, Innes RW, Ecker JR, Scheel D, Klessig DF, Machida Y, Mundy J, Ohashi Y, Walker JC (2002) Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in plants: a new nomenclature. Trends Plant Sci 7:301–308
ISAAA (2011) International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications. http://www.isaaa.org/
Ishitani M, Xiong L, Stevenson B, Zhu JK (1997) Genetic analysis of osmotic and cold stress signal transduction in Arabidopsis: interactions and convergence of abscisic acid-dependent and abscisic acid-independent pathways. Plant Cell 9:1935–1949
Ito Y, Katsura K, Maruyama K, Taji T, Kobayashi M, Seki M, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2006) Functional analysis of rice DREB1/CBF-type transcription factors involved in cold-responsive gene expression in transgenic rice. Plant Cell Physiol 47:141–153
Jaglo KR, Kleff S, Amundsen KL, Zhang X, Haake V, Zhang JZ, Deits T, Thomashow MF (2001) Components of the Arabidopsis C-repeat/dehydration-responsive element binding factor cold response pathway are conserved in Brassica napus and other plant species. Plant Physiol 127:910–917
Jakoby M, Weisshaar B, Droge-Laser W, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Tiedemann J, Kroj T, Parcy F (2002) bZIP transcription factors in Arabidopsis. Trends Plant Sci 7:106–111
Jha S, Chattoo BB (2010) Expression of a plant defensin in rice confers resistance to fungal phytopathogens. Transgenic Res 19:373–384
Jongsman MA, Bolter C (1997) The adaptation of insects to plant protease inhibitors. J Insect Physiol 43:885–895
Jouanin L, Bonade-Bottino M, Girard C, Morrot G, Giband M (1998) Transgenic plants for insect resistance. Plant Sci 131:1–11
Kalpana K, Maruthasalam S, Rajesh T, Poovannan K, Kumar KK, Kokiladevi E, Raja JAJ, Sudhakar D, Velazhahan R, Samiyappan R, Balasubramanian P (2006) Engineering sheath blight resistance in elite indica rice cultivars using genes encoding defense proteins. Plant Sci 170:203–215
Kaplan B, Davydov O, Knight H, Galon Y, Knight MR, Fluhr R, Fromm H (2006) Rapid transcriptome changes induced by cytosolic Ca2+ transients reveal ABRE-related sequences as Ca2+-responsive cis elements in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 18:2733–2748
Kasuga M, Liu Q, Miura S, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K (1999) Improving plant drought, salt and freezing tolerance by gene transfer of a single stress-inducible transcription factor. Nat Biotechnol 17:287–291
Kato-Noguchi H (2000) Evaluation of the importance of lactate for the activation of ethanolic fermentation in the lettuce in anoxia. Physiol Plant 109:28–33
Keles Y, Oncel I (2002) Response of antioxidative defense system to temperature and water stress combinations in wheat seedlings. Plant Sci 163:783–790
Kiely T, Donaldson D, Grube A (2004) Pesticides industry sales and usage: 2000 and 2001 market estimates. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 33 p
Kobayashi Y, Murata M, Minami H, Yamamoto S, Kagaya Y, Hobo T, Yamamoto A, Hattori T (2005) Abscisic acid-activated SNRK2 protein kinases function in the gene-regulation pathway of ABA signal transduction by phosphorylating ABA response element-binding factors. Plant J 44:939–949
Koussevitzky S, Suzuki N, Huntington S, Armijo L, Sha W, Cortes D, Shulaev V, Mittler R (2008) Ascorbate peroxidase 1 plays a key role in the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to stress combination. J Biol Chem 283:34197–34203
Kramer KJ, Morgan TD, Throne JE, Dowell FE, Bailey M, Howard JA (2000) Transgenic avidin maize is resistant to storage insect pests. Nat Biotechnol 18:670–674
Kristensen C, Morant M, Olsen CE, Ekstrom CT, Galbraith DW, Moller BL, Bak S (2005) Metabolic engineering of dhurrin in transgenic Arabidopsis plants with marginal inadvertent effects on the metabolome and transcriptome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:1779–1784
Kurek I, Chang TK, Bertain SM, Madrigal A, Liu L, Lassner MW, Zhu G (2007) Enhanced thermostability of Arabidopsis rubisco activase improves photosynthesis and growth rates under moderate heat stress. Plant Cell 19:3230–3241
Lanteri ML, Pagnussat GC, Lamattina L (2006) Calcium and calcium-dependent protein kinases are involved in nitric oxide- and auxin-induced adventitious root formation in cucumber. J Exp Bot 57:1341–1351
Lebel E, Heifetz P, Thorne L, Uknes S, Ryals J, Ward E (1998) Functional analysis of regulatory sequences controlling PR-1 gene expression in Arabidopsis. Plant J16:223–233
Lee JT, Prasad V, Yang PT, Wu JF, David Ho TH, Charng YY, Chan MT (2003) Expression of Arabidopsis CBF1 regulated by an ABA/stress inducible promoter in transgenic tomato confers stress tolerance without affecting yield. Plant Cell Environ 26:1181–1190
Li XQ, Wei JZ, Tan A, Aroian RV (2007) Resistance to root-knot nematode in tomato roots expressing a nematicidal Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein. Plant Biotechnol J 5:455–464
Liang HY, Maynard CA, Allen RD, Powell WA (2001) Increased Septoria musiva resistance in transgenic hybrid poplar leaves expressing a wheat oxalate oxidase gene. Plant Mol Biol 45:619–629
Lilley CJ, Wang D, Atkinson HJ, Urwin PE (2011) Effective delivery of a nematode-repellent peptide using a root-cap-specific promoter. Plant Biotechnol J 9:151–161
Liu B, Hibbard JK, Urwin PE, Atkinson HJ (2005) The production of synthetic chemodisruptive peptides in planta disrupts the establishment of cyst nematodes. Plant Biotechnol J 3:487–496
Liu K, Lei W, Xu Y, Chen N, Ma Q, Li F, Chong K (2007) Overexpression of OsCOIN, a putative cold inducible zinc finger protein, increased tolerance to chilling, salt and drought, and enhanced praline level in rice. Planta 226:1007–1016
Logemann E, Hahlbrock K (2002) Crosstalk among stress responses in plants: pathogen defense overrides UV protection through an inversely regulated ACE/ACE type of light-responsive gene promoter unit. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:2428–2432
Luan S (2009) The CBL–CIPK network in plant calcium signaling. Trends Plant Sci 14:37–42
Ludwig AA, Romeis T, Jones JDG (2004) CDPK-mediated signaling pathways: specificity and cross-talk. J Exp Bot 55:181–188
Mahajan S, Pandey GK, Tuteja N (2008) Calcium and salt-stress signaling in plants: shedding light on SOS pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 471:146–158
Mansoor S, Amin I, Hussain M, Zafar Y, Briddon RW (2006) Engineering novel traits in plants through RNA interference. Trends Plant Sci 11:559–565
McBride KE, Svab Z, Schaaf DJ, Hogan PS, Stalker DM, Maliga P (1995) Amplification of a chimeric Bacillus gene in chloroplasts leads to an extraordinary level of an insecticidal protein in tobacco. Biotechnology 13:362–365
Mckersie BD, Bowley SR, Harjanto E, Leprince O (1996) Water deficit tolerance and field performance of transgenic alfalfa overexpressing superoxide dismutase. Plant Physiol 111:1177–1181
Meehl GA, Stocker TF, Collins WD, Friedlingstein P, Gaye AT, Gregory JM, Kitoh A, Knutti, R, Murphy JM, Noda A, Raper SCB, Watterson IG, Weaver AJ, Zhao Z-C (2007) Global climate projections. In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL (eds) Climate change 2007: the physical basis (Contribution of Working Group I to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 747–845
Mehlo L, Gahakwa D, Nghia PT, Loc NT, Capell T, Gatehouse JA, Gatehouse AMR, Christou P (2005) An alternative strategy for sustainable pest resistance in genetically enhanced crops. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:7812–7816
Mendelsohn M, Kough J, Vaituzis Z, Matthews K (2003) Are Bt crops safe? Nat Biotechnol 21:1003–1009
Mentag R, Luckevich M, Morency MJ, Seguin A (2003) Bacterial disease resistance of transgenic hybrid poplar expressing the synthetic antimicrobial peptide D4E1. Tree Physiol 23:405–411
Miller BD, Timmer VR (1994) Steady-state nutrition of Pinus resinosa seedlings: response to nutrient loading, irrigation and hardening regimes. Tree Physiol 14:1327–1338
Mittler R (2006) Abiotic stress, the field environment and stress combination. Trends Plant Sci 11:15–19
Miura K, Jin JB, Hasegawa PM (2007) Sumoylation, a post-translational regulatory process in plants. Curr Opin Plant Biol 10:495–502
Montesinos E (2007) Antimicrobial peptides and plant disease control. FEMS Microbiol Lett 270:1–11
Morton RL, Schroeder HE, Bateman KS, Chrispeels MJ, Armstrong E, Higgins TJV (2000) Bean alpha-amylase inhibitor 1 in transgenic peas (Pisum sativum) provides complete protection from pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum) under field conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:3820–3825
Mourgues F, Brisset MN, Chevreau E (1998) Strategies to improve plant resistance to bacterial diseases through genetic engineering. Trends Biotechnol 16:203–210
Muench DG, Christopher ME, Good AG (1998) Cloning and expression of a hypoxic and nitrogen inducible maize alanine aminotransferase gene. Physiol Plant 103:503–512
Muller TA, Fleischmann T, van der Meer JR, Kohler H-PE (2006) Purification and characterization of two enantioselective R-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, RdpA and SdpA from Sphingomonas herbicideovarans MH. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:4853–4861
Murakami Y, Tsuyama M, Kobayashi Y, Kodama H, Iba K (2000) Trienoic fatty acids and plant tolerance of high temperature. Science 287:476–479
Murata N, Ishizaki-Nishizawa O, Higashi S, Hayashi S, Tasaka Y, Nishida I (1992) Genetically engineered alteration in the chilling sensitivity of plants. Nature 356:710–713
Musser FR, Shelton AM (2005) The influence of post-exposure temperature on the toxicity of insecticides to Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Pest Manag Sci 61:508–510
Naimov S, Dukiandjiev S, de Maagd RA (2003) A hybrid Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin gives resistance against a coleopteran and a lepidopteran pest in transgenic potato. Plant Biotechnol J 1:51–57
Nakagawa Y, Katagiri T, Shinozaki K, Qi Z, Tatsumi H, Furuichi T, Kishigami A, Sokabe M, Kojima I, Sato S, Kato T, Tabata S, Iida K, Terashima A, Nakano M, Ikeda M, Yamanaka T, Iida H (2007) Arabidopsis plasma membrane protein crucial for Ca2+ influx and touch sensing in roots. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:3639–3644
Nakashima K, Tran L-SP, Nguyen VD, Fujita M, Maruyama K, Todaka D, Ito Y, Hayashi N, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2007) Functional analysis of a NAC-type transcription factor OsNAC6 involved in abiotic and biotic stress-responsive gene expression in rice. Plant J 51:617–630
Nakashima K, Fujita Y, Kanamori N, Katagiri T, Umezawa T, Kidokoro S, Maruyama K, Yoshida T, Ishiyama K, Kobayashi M, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2009) Three Arabidopsis SnRK2 protein kinases, SRK2D/SnRK2.2, SRK2E/SnRK2.6/OST1 and SRK2I/ SnRK2.3, involved in ABA signaling are essential for the control of seed development and dormancy. Plant Cell Physiol 50:1345–1363
Newton AC, Johnson SN, Gregory PJ (2011) Implications of climate change for diseases, crop yields and food security. Euphytica 179:3–18
Nishizawa A, Yabuta Y, Yoshida E, Maruta T, Yoshimura K, Shigeoka S (2006) Arabidopsis heat shock transcription factor A2 as a key regulator in response to several types of environmental stress. Plant J 48:535–547
Nishizawa A, Yabuta Y, Shigeoka S (2008) Galactinol and raffinose constitute a novel function to protect plants from oxidative damage. Plant Physiol 147:1251–1263
Oberschall A, Deak M, Torok K, Sass L, Vass I, Kovacs I, Feher A, Dudits D, Hovarth GV (2000) A novel aldose/aldehyde reductase protects transgenic plants against lipid peroxidation under chemical and drought stress. Plant J 24:437–446
Ogawa D, Yamaguchi K, Nishiuchi T (2007) High-level overexpression of the Arabidopsis HsfA2 gene confers not only increased thermotolerance but also salt/osmotic stress tolerance and enhanced callus growth. J Exp Bot 58:3373–3383
Pääkkönen E, Vahala J, Pohjola M, Holopainen T, Kärenlampi L (1998) Physiological, stomatal and ultrastructural ozone responses in birch (Betula pendula Roth.) are modified by water stress. Plant Cell Environ 21:671–684
Padgette SR, Taylor NB, Nida DL, Bailey MR, MacDonald J, Holden LR, Fuchs RL (1996) The composition of glyphosate-tolerant soybean seeds is equivalent to that of conventional soybeans. J Nutr 126:702–716
Panikulangara TJ, Eggers-Schumacher G, Wunderlich M, Stransky H, Schoffl F (2004) Galactinol synthase 1. A novel heat shock factor target gene responsible for heat-induced synthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 136:3148–3158
Pareek A, Singla SL, Grover A (1998) Plant Hsp90 family with special reference to rice. J Biosci 23:361–367
Park JR, McFarlane I, Phipps RH, Ceddia G (2011) The role of transgenic crops in sustainable development. Plant Biotechnol J 9:2–21
Patra B, Ray S, Richter A, Majumder AL (2010) Enhanced salt tolerance of transgenic tobacco plants by co-expression of PcINO1 Metabolic adjustment and signalling in response to stress and McIMT1 is accompanied by increased level of myo-inositol and methylated inositol. Protoplasma 245:143–152
Patterson DT (1995) Weeds in a changing climate. Weed Sci 43:685–701
Perl A, Perl-Treves R, Galili S, Aviv D, Shalgi E, Malkin S, Galun E (1993) Enhanced oxidative stress defense in transgenic potato expressing tomato Cu, Zn superoxide dismutases. Theor Appl Genet 85:568–576
Pinto YM, Kok RA, Baulcombe DC (1999) Resistance to rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) in cultivated African rice varieties containing RYMV transgenes. Nat Biotechnol 17:702–707
Pnueli L, Hallak-Herr E, Rozenberg M, Cohen M, Goloubinoff P, Kaplan A, Mittler R (2002) Molecular and biochemical mechanisms associated with dormancy and drought tolerance in the desert legume Retama raetam. Plant J 31:319–330
Porterfield DM, Crispi ML, Musgrave ME (1997) Changes in soluble sugar, starch, and alcohol dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to N2 diluted atmospheres. Plant Cell Physiol 38:1354–1358
Prandl R, Hinderhofer K, Eggers-Schumacher G, Schoffl F (1998) HSF3, a new heat shock factor from Arabidopsis thaliana, derepresses the heat shock response and confers thermotolerance when overexpressed in transgenic plants. Mol Gen Genet 258:269–278
Prescott VE, Campbell PM, Moore A, Mattes J, Rothenberg ME, Foster PS, Higgins TJ, Hogan SP (2005) Transgenic expression of bean alpha-amylase inhibitor in peas results in altered structure and immunogenicity. J Agric Food Chem 53:9023–9030
Prieto-Dapena P, Catano R, Almoguera C, Jordano J (2006) Improved resistance to controlled deterioration in transgenic seeds. Plant Physiol 142:1102–1112
Prins M, Laimer M, Noris E, Schubert J, Wassenegger M, Tepfer M (2008) Strategies for antiviral resistance in transgenic plants. Mol Plant Pathol 9:73–83
Punja ZK (2006) Recent developments toward achieving fungal disease resistance in transgenic plants. Can J Plant Pathol 28:S298–S308
Qin F, Sakuma Y, Tran LS, Maruyama K, Kidokoro S, Fujita Y, Fujita M, Umezawa T, Sawano Y, Miyazono K, Tanokura M, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozak K (2008) Arabidopsis DREB2A-interacting proteins function as RING E3 ligases and negatively regulate plant drought stress-responsive gene expression. Plant Cell 20:1693–1707
Quimlo CA, Torrizo LB, Setter TL, Ellis M, Grover A, Abrigo EM, Oliva NP, Ella ES, Carpena AL, Ito O, Peacock WJ, Dennis E, Datta SK (2000) Enhancement of submergence tolerance in transgenic rice plants overproducing pyruvate decarboxylase. J Plant Physiol 156:516–521
Quinet M, Ndayiragije A, Lefevre I, Lambillotte B, Dupont-Gillain CC, Lutts S (2010) Putrescine differently influences the effect of salt stress on polyamine metabolism and ethylene synthesis in rice cultivars differing in salt resistance. J Exp Bot 61:2719–2733
Rahman M, Grover A, Peacock WJ, Dennis ES, Ellis MH (2001) Effects of manipulation of pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase levels on the submergence tolerance of rice. Aust J Plant Physiol 28:1231–1241
Rajamohan F, Alzate O, Cotrill JA, Curtiss A, Dean DH (1996) Protein engineering of Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin: mutations at domain II of CryIAb enhance receptor affinity and toxicity toward gypsy moth larvae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:14338–14343
Rao KV, Rathore KS, Hodges TK, Fu X, Stoger E, Sudhakar D, Williams S, Christou P, Bharathi M, Bown DP, Powell KS, Spence J, Gatehouse AM, Gatehouse JA (1998) Expression of snowdrop lectin (GNA) in transgenic rice plants confers resistance to rice brown planthopper. Plant J 15:469–477
Rizhsky L, Hongjian L, Mittler R (2002) The combined effect of drought stress and heat shock on gene expression in tobacco. Plant Physiol 130:1143–1151
Rizhsky L, Liang H, Shuman J, Shulaev V, Davletova S, Mittler R (2004) When defense pathways collide: the response of Arabidopsis to a combination of drought and heat stress. Plant Physiol 134:1683–1696
Rohila JS, Jain RK, Wu R (2002) Genetic improvement of Basmati rice for salt and drought tolerance by regulated expression of a barley Hva1 cDNA. Plant Sci 163:525–532
Rohini VK, Rao KS (2001) Transformation of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) with tobacco chitinase gene: variable response of transformants to leaf spot disease. Plant Sci 160:889–898
Roy M, Wu R (2001) Arginine decarboxylase transgene expression and analysis of environmental stress tolerance in transgenic rice. Plant Sci 160:869–875
Roy M, Wu R (2002) Overexpression of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene in rice increases polyamine level and enhances sodium chloride-stress tolerance. Plant Sci 163:987–992
Saha P, Majumder P, Dutta I, Ray T, Roy SC, Das S (2006) Transgenic rice expressing Allium sativum leaf lectin with enhanced resistance against sap-sucking insect pests. Planta 223:1329–1343
Sakamoto A, Valverde R, Alia, Chen TH, Murata N (2000) Transformation of Arabidopsis with the codA gene for choline oxidase enhances freezing tolerance of plants. Plant J 22:449–453
Sanghera GS, Wani SH, Singh G, Kashyap PL, Singh NB (2011) Designing crop plants for biotic stresses using transgenic approach. Vegetos 24:1–25
Savary S, Mila A, Willocquet L, Esker PD, Carisse O, McRoberts N (2011) Risk factors for crop health under global change and agricultural shifts: a framework of analyses using rice in tropical and subtropical Asia as a model. Phytopathology 101:696–709
Savitch LV, Allard G, Seki M, Robert L, Tinker N, Huner NPA, Shinozaki K, Singh (2005) The effect of overexpression of two Brassica CBF/DREB1-like transcription factors on photosynthetic capacity and freezing tolerance in Brassica napus. Plant Cell Physiol 46:1525–1539
Schleinitz KM, Kleinsteuber S, Vallaeys T, Babel W (2004) Localization and characterization of two novel genes encoding stereospecific dioxygenases catalyzing 2(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionate cleavage in Delftia acidovorans MC1. Appl Environ Microbiol 70:5357–5365
Schnee C, Kollner TG, Held M, Turlings TCJ, Gershenzon J, Degenhardt J (2006) The products of a single maize sesquiterpene synthase form a volatile defense signal that attracts natural enemies of maize herbivores. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:1129–1134
Sen Gupta A, Heinen JL, Holady AS, Burke JJ, Allen RD (1993) Increased resistance to oxidative stress in transgenic plants that over-express chloroplastic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:1629–1633
Shao M, Wang JS, Dean RA, Lin YJ, Gao XW, Hu SJ (2008) Expression of a harpin-encoding gene in rice confers durable nonspecific resistance to Magnaporthe grisea. Plant Biotechnol J 6:73–81
Shi H, Ishitani M, Kim C, Zhu JK (2000) The Arabidopsis thaliana salt tolerance gene SOS1 encodes a putative Na+/H+ antiporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:6896–6901
Shi H, Lee BH, Wu SJ, Zhu JK (2003) Overexpression of a plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter gene improves salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat Biotechnol 21:81–85
Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (1997) Gene expression and signal transduction in water-stress response. Plant Physiol 115:327–334
Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (1999) Molecular responses to drought stress. In: Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (eds) Molecular responses to cold, drought, heat and salt stress in higher plants. R.G. Landes, Austin, TX, pp 11–28
Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2000) Molecular responses to dehydration and low temperature: differences and cross-talk between two stress signaling pathways. Curr Opin Plant Biol 3(3):217–223
Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2007) Gene networks involved in drought stress response and tolerance. J Exp Bot 58(2):221–227
Sinclair BJ, Jaco Klok C, Chown SL (2004) Metabolism of the sub-Antarctic caterpillar Pringleophaga marioni during cooling, freezing and thawing. J Exp Biol 207:1287–1294
Sivamani E, Bahieldin A, Wraith JM, Al-Niemi T, Dyer WE, Ho THD, Qu R (2000) Improved biomass productivity and water use efficiency under water deficit conditions in transgenic wheat constitutively expressing the barley HVA1 gene. Plant Sci 155:1–9
Sivamani E, Brey CW, Talbert LE, Young MA, Dyer WE, Kaniewski WK, Qu RD (2002) Resistance to wheat streak mosaic virus in transgenic wheat engineered with the viral coat protein gene. Transgenic Res 11:31–41
Skriver K, Mundy J (1990) Gene expression in response to abscisic acid and osmotic stress. Plant Cell 5:503–512
Stewart SD, Adamczyk JJ, Knighten KS, Davis FM (2001) Impact of Bt cottons expressing one or two insecticidal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner on growth and survival of noctuid (Lepidoptera) larvae. J Econ Entomol 94:752–760
Stracke R, Werber M, Weisshaar B (2001) The R2R3-MYB gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Curr Opin Plant Biol 4(5):447–456
Sudarshana MR, Roy G, Falk BW (2007) Methods for engineering resistance to plant viruses. Methods Mol Biol 354:183–195
Sullivan JH, Teramura AH (1990) Field study of the interaction between solar UV-B radiation and drought on photosynthesis and growth in soybean. Plant Physiol 92:141–146
Sun W, Bernard C, van de Cotte B, Montagu MV, Verbruggen N (2001) At-HSP17.6A, encoding a small heat-shock protein in Arabidopsis, can enhance osmotolerance upon overexpression. Plant J 27:407–415
Szabados L, Savouré A (2010) Proline: a multifunctional amino acid. Trends Plant Sci 15:89–97
Tarczynski MC, Jensen RG, Bohnert HJ (1993) Stress protection of transgenic tobacco by production of osmolyte mannitol. Science 259:508–510
Teige M, Scheikl E, Eulgem T, Doczi R, Ichimura K, Shinozaki K, Dangl JL, Hirt H (2004) The MKK2 pathway mediates cold and salt stress signaling in Arabidopsis. Mol Cell 15:141–152
Tran LP, Urao T, Qin F, Maruyama K, Kakimoto T, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2007) Functional analysis of AHK1/ATHK1 and cytokinin receptor histidine kinases in response to abscisic acid, drought, and salt stress in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:20623–20628
Turner NC, Shahal A, Berger JD, Chaturvedi SK, French RJ, Ludwig C, Mannur DM, Singh SJ, Yadava HS (2007) Osmotic adjustment in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) results in no yield benefit under terminal drought. J Exp Bot 58:187–194
Umezawa T, Sugiyama N, Mizoguchi M, Hayashi S, Myouga F, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Ishihama Y, Hirayama T, Shinozakia K (2009) Type 2C protein phosphatases directly regulate abscisic acid-activated protein kinases in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 41:17588–17593
Urwin PE, Atkinson HJ, Waller DA, Mcpherson MJ (1995) Engineered oryzacystatin-I expressed in transgenic hairy roots confers resistance to Globodera pallida. Plant J 8:121–131
Vaeck M, Reynaerts A, Hofte H, Jansens S, Debeuckeleer M, Dean C, Zabeau M, Vanmontagu M, Leemans J (1987) Transgenic plants protected from insect attack. Nature 328:33–37
Van Camp W, Capiau K, Van Montagu M, Inze D, Slooten L (1996) Enhancement of oxidative stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants overproducing Fe-superoxide dismutase in chloroplasts. Plant Physiol 112:1703–1714
Vierling E (1991) The roles of heat shock proteins in plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 42:579–620
Vinocur B, Altman A (2005) Recent advances in engineering plant tolerance to abiotic stress: achievements and limitations. Curr Opin Biotechnol 16:123–132
Vranova E, Inze D, Van Breusegem F (2002) Signal transduction during oxidative stress. J Exp Bot 53:1227–1236
Waie B, Rajam MV (2003) Effect of increased polyamine biosynthesis on stress responses in transgenic tobacco by introduction of human S-adenosylmethionine gene. Plant Sci 164:727–734
Wally O, Punja ZK (2010) Genetic engineering for increasing fungal and bacterial disease resistance in crop plants.GM Crops 1:199–206
Walter MH (1989) The induction of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic enzymes by UV light or fungal elicitor in cultured parsley cells is overridden by a heat-shock treatment. Planta 177:1–8
Walther GR, Post E, Convey P, Menzel A, Parmesan C, Beebee TJ, Fromentin JM, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Bairlein F (2002) Ecological responses to recent climate change. Nature 416:389–395
Wang Y, Ying J, Kuzma M, Chalifoux M, Sample A, McArthur C, Uchacz T, Sarvas C, Wan J, Dennis DT, McCourt P, Huang Y (2005a) Molecular tailoring of farnesylation for plant drought tolerance and yield protection. Plant J 43:413–424
Wani SH (2010) Inducing fungus resistance in plants through biotechnology. Notes Sci Biol 2:14–21
Wani SH, Sanghera GS (2010) Genetic engineering for viral disease management in plants. Notes Sci Biol 2:20–28
Waterhouse PM, Graham HW, Wang MB (1998) Virus resistance and gene silencing in plants can be induced by simultaneous expression of sense and antisense RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:13959–13964
Waters I, Morrell S, Greenway H, Colmer TD (1991) Effects of anoxia on wheat seedlings. II. Influence of O2 supply prior to anoxia on tolerance to anoxia, alcoholic fermentation, and sugar levels. J Exp Bot 42:1437–1447
Wei JZ, Hale K, Carta L, Platzer E, Wong C, Fang SC, Aroian RV (2003) Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins that target nematodes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:2760–2765
Weinstein DA, Beloin RM, Yanai RD (1991) Modeling changes in red spruce carbon balance and allocation in response to interacting ozone and nutrient stresses. Tree Physiol 9:127–146
Welfare K, Yeo AR, Flowers TJ (2002) Effects of salinity and ozone, individually and in combination, on the growth and ion contents of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties. Environ Pollut 120:397–403
Wohlbach DJ, Quirino BF, Sussman MR (2008) Analysis of the Arabidopsis histidine kinase ATHK1 reveals a connection between vegetative osmotic stress sensing and seed maturation. Plant Cell 20:1101–1117
Woiwod IP (1997) Detecting the effect of climate change on Lepidoptera. J Insect Conserv 1:149–158
Wolfe W, Ziska L, Petzoldt C, Seaman A, Chase L, Hayhoe K (2007) Projected change in climate thresholds in the northeastern U.S: implications for crops, pests, livestock and farmers. Mitigation Adapt Strategies Glob Change 13(5–6):555–575
Xiong L, Zhu JK (2001) Plant abiotic stress signal transduction: molecular and genetic perspectives. Physiol Plant 112:152–166
Xu D, Duan X, Wang B, Hong B, Ho T-HD, Wu R (1996) Expression of a late embryogenesis abundant protein gene, HVA1, from barley confers tolerance to water deficit and salt stress in transgenic rice. Plant Physiol 110:249–257
Xu K, Xia X, Fukao T, Canlas P, Maghirang-Rodriguez R, Heuer S, Ismail AM, Bailey-Serres J, Ronald PC, Mackill DJ (2006) Sub1A is an ethylene response factor-like gene that confers submergence tolerance to rice. Nature 442:705–708
Yadav BC, Veluthambi K, Subramaniam K (2006) Host-generated double stranded RNA induces RNAi in plant-parasitic nematodes and protects the host from infection. Mol Biochem Parasitol 148:219–222
Yamada M, Morishita H, Urano K, Shiozaki N, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K, Yoshiba Y (2005) Effects of free proline accumulation in petunias under drought stress. J Exp Bot 56:1975–1981
Yamamura K, Kiritani K (1998) A simple method to estimate the potential increase in the number of generations under global warming in temperate zones. Appl Entomol Zool 33:289–298
Yang CY, Ho YC, Pang JC, Huang SS, Tschen JSM (2009) Cloning and expression of an antifungal chitinase gene of a novel Bacillus subtilis isolate from Taiwan potato field. Bioresour Technol 100:1454–1458
Ye RJ, Huang HQ, Yang Z, Chen TY, Liu L, Li XH, Chen H, Lin YJ (2009) Development of insect-resistant transgenic rice with Cry1C-free endosperm. Pest Manag Sci 65:1015–1020
Zhang H-X, Blumwald E (2001) Transgenic salt-tolerant tomato plants accumulate salt in foliage but not in fruit. Nat Biotechnol 19:765–768
Zhao HW, Chen YJ, Hu YL, Gao Y, Lin ZP (2000) Construction of a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene driven by drought responsive promoter and expression of drought-resistance in transgenic tobacco. Acta Bot Sin 42:616–619
Zhao BY, Lin XH, Poland J, Trick H, Leach J, Hulbert S (2005) A maize resistance gene functions against bacterial streak disease in rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:15383–15388
Zhu SY, Yu XC, Wang XJ, Zhao R, Li Y, Fan RC, Shang Y, Du SY, Wang XF, Wu FQ, Xu YH, Zhang XY, Zhang DP (2007) Two calcium-dependent protein kinases, CPK4 and CPK11, regulate abscisic acid signal transduction in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 19:3019–3036
Ziska LH, Gebhard DE, Frenz DA, Faulkner S, Singer BD, Straka JG (2003) Cities as harbingers of climate change: common ragweed, urbanization, and public health. J Allerg Clin Immunol 111:290–295
Ziska LH, Faulkner S, Lydon J (2004) Changes in biomass and root: shoot ratio of field-grown Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), a noxious, invasive weed, with elevated CO2: implications for control with glyphosate. Weed Sci 52:584–588
Zvereva EL, Kozlov MV (2006) Consequences of simultaneous elevation of carbon dioxide and temperature for plant–herbivore interactions: a meta-analysis. Glob Change Biol 12:27–41
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yadav, R.C., Solanke, A.U., Kumar, P., Pattanayak, D., Yadav, N.R., Kumar, P.A. (2013). Genetic Engineering for Tolerance to Climate Change-Related Traits. In: Kole, C. (eds) Genomics and Breeding for Climate-Resilient Crops. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37045-8_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37045-8_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-37044-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-37045-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)