Abstract
Although academics and scholars have called attention to the opportunities and challenges of eXtensive Business Reporting Language (XBRL), new empirical evidence undermines academic assumptions about XBRL’s easy acceptance and widespread use by auditing professionals working in the field. This study examines whether independent auditors in Italy are really convinced about the utility and practicality of XBRL in their work. What is proposed here is a preliminary theoretical framework for surveying auditors’ interest in XBRL. Electronic questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to survey Italian auditors’ interest and test the proposed framework. Data analysis was structured by adopting a multiple case approach. Despite the mandatory requirement for Italian unlisted companies to report financial statements in XBRL, the independent auditors’ knowledge about XBRL remains quite low. As a result of the survey, a set of unexpected but clear-cut attitudes emerged to explain auditors’ limited interest in XBRL.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
Actually, in Italy the demand for voluntary audit services addressed to the big auditing firms has registered a significant decrease in recent years (from about 43 % in 2006 to about 32 % in 2010). However, this results both from the switch to mandatory audit services previously only voluntary, and the general financial crisis [28]. Since non-audit services represent one of the most dangerous threats to the independence of auditors, big auditing firms may also have decided to considerably reduce this business, especially when the Parmalat scandal obliged regulators to make more stringent requirements in order to guarantee auditors’ independence.
- 2.
For instance, in 2005, the Audit Standards Board (ASB) of the AICPA published “Attest Engagements on Financial Information Included in XBRL Instance Documents” to provide guidance to accountants providing assurance services, and the same year the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) published guidance for assurance on filings under the SEC Voluntary Filing Program (VFP).
References
Guun, J.: XBRL: Opportunities and challenges in enhancing financial reporting and assurance processes. Current Issues Auditing 1, 36–43 (2007)
Dunne, T., Helliar, C., Lymer, A., Mousa, R.: XBRL: The Views of Stakeholders. The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (2009)
Efendi, J., Park, J.D., Subramaniam, C.: Do XBRL Reports Have Incremental Information Content? An Empirical Analysis. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1671723
Yoon, H., Zo, H., Ciganek, A.P.: Does XBRL adoption reduce information asymmetry? J. Bus. Res. 64(2), 157–163 (2011)
Farewell, S., Pinsker, R.: XBRL and financial information assurance service. CPA J. 75, 68–69 (2005)
Boritz, J.E., No, W.G.: The SEC’s XBRL voluntary filing program on EDGAR: a case for quality assurance. Current Issues Auditing 2, A36–A50 (2008)
Boritz, J.E., No, W.G.: Assurance on XBRL-Related documents: the case of united technologies corporation. J. Inf. Syst. 2, 49–78 (2009)
Plumlee, R.D., Plumlee, M.A.: Assurance on XBRL for financial reporting. Acc. Horiz. 22(3), 353–368 (2008)
Eccles, R.G., Krzus, M.P.: One Report: Integrated Reporting for a Sustainable Strategy. Wiley, New Jersey (2010)
Srivastava, R.P., Kogan, A.: Assurance on XBRL instance document: a conceptual framework of assertions. Int. J. Acc. Inf. Syst. 11, 261–273 (2010)
Vasarhelyi, M.A., Chan, D.Y., Krahel, J.P.: Consequences of XBRL standardization on financial statement data. J. Inf. Syst. 26(1), 155–167 (2012)
Nicolaou, A.I., Lord, A.T., Liu, L.: Demand for data assurances in electronic commerce: an experimental examination of web-based data exchange using XML. Price water house coopers research monograph, pp 32–42. (2003)
Trites, G.: Interactive Data: the Impact on Assurance. New Challenges for the Audit Profession. Assurance Working Group–XBRL International. (2006)
Bovee, M., Kogan, A., Nelson, K., Srivastava, R.P., Vasarhelyi, M.A.: Financial reporting and auditing agent with net knowledge (FRAANK) and eXtensible business reporting language (XBRL). J. Inf. Syst. 19(1), 19–41 (2005)
Chou, K.H.: How valid are they? An examination of XBRL Voluntary Filing Documents with the SEC EDGAR System. Proceeding, 14th International XBRL Conference (2006)
Bartley J., Chen, A.Y.S., Taylor E.Z.: A comparison of XBRL filings to corporate 10-Ks: evidence from the voluntary filing program. Working paper, North Carolina State University (2010)
Debreceny, R., Farewell, S., Piechocki, M., Felden, C., Gräning, A.: Does it add up? Early evidence on the data quality of XBRL filings to the SEC. J. Account. Public Policy 29, 296–306 (2010)
Vasarhelyi, M.A.: Concepts in continuous assurance. In: Sutton, S.G., Arnold, V. (eds.) Researching Accounting as an Information Systems Discipline. American Accounting Association, Saratoga (2002)
Farewell, S., Debreceny, R.: Attesting adios! Airways’ XBRL filings: a case study on performing agreed-upon procedures. Acc. Educ. 21(2), 131–160 (2012)
Du, H., Roohani, S.: Meeting challenges and expectations of continuous auditing in the context of independent audits of financial statements. Int. J. Auditing 11, 133–146 (2007)
Alles, M., Piechocki, M.: Will XBRL improve corporate governance? A framework for enhancing governance decision making using interactive data. Int. J. Acc. Inf. Syst. 13, 91–108 (2012)
Alles, M.G., Kogan, A., Vasarhelyi, M.A.: Feasibility and economics of continuous assurance. Auditing 21(1), 125–139 (2002)
Pathak, J., Sriram, R.S.: Minimizing cost of continuous audit: counting and time dependent strategies. J. Account. Public Policy 24, 61–75 (2005)
Janvrin, D.J., No, W.G.: XBRL Implementation: a field investigation to identify research opportunities. J. Inf. Syst. 26(1), 169–197 (2012)
Institute of Internal Auditors: Interactive Data-eXtensible Business Report Language (XBRL) Survey (2008)
Pinsker, R.: XBRL awareness in auditing: a sleeping giant. Manage. Auditing J. 18(9), 732–736 (2003)
Cameran, M., Livatino, M. (eds.): La Reputazione delle Società di Revisione Operanti in Italia, EGEA, Milano (2005)
Cameran, M.: Rapporto di Ricerca. Il Mercato della Revisione Contabile in Italia al 31-12-2010. SDA Bocconi. Osservatorio di Revisione, May (2011)
Alles, M., Debreceny, R.: The evolution and future of XBRL research. Int. J. Acc. Inf. Syst. 13, 83–90 (2012)
Callaghan, J., Nehmer, R.: Financial and governance characteristics of voluntary XBRL adopters in the United States. Int. J. Discl. Gov. 6, 321–335 (2009)
Pinsker, R., Li, S.: Costs and benefits of XBRL adoption: early evidence. Commun. ACM 51(3), 47–50 (2008)
Tan, C., Shon, J.: XBRL and its financial reporting benefits: capital market evidence. Paper, 4th International Conference at the University of Kansas, Lawrence (2009)
Alles, M.A., Gray, G.L.: A relative cost framework of demand for external assurance of XBRL filings. J. Inf. Syst. 26(1), 103–126 (2012)
Markelevich, A., Shaw, L., Weihs, H.: The Israeli XBRL adoption experience. Paper, 22nd XBRL International Conference on Sharing Economic Information in a Global World: the XBRL Contribution, Brussels (2011)
Taylor, E.Z., Dzuranin, A.C.: Interactive financial reporting: an introduction to eXtensible business reporting language (XBRL). Issues Acc. Educ. 25(1), 71–83 (2010)
PricewaterhouseCoopers: XBRL: Steps Toward an Implementation Plan: http://www.pwc.com/ (2008)
PricewaterhouseCoopers, Better Information: http://www.pwc.com (2009)
Srivastava, R.P.: XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): a research perspective. Indian Acc. Rev. 13(1), 14–32 (2009)
Bonsón, E., Cortijo, V., Escobar, T., Flores, F., Monreal, S.: Solvency II and XBRL: new rules and technologies in insurance supervision. J. Financ. Regul. Compliance 18(2), 144–157 (2010)
DiMaggio, P.J., Powell, W.W.: The iron cage revisited: institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. Am. Sociol. Rev. 48, 147–160 (1983)
Roth, D.: Wired. http://www.wired.com/wired/issue/17-03
IRDCEC: Il Bilancio in Formato XBRL, 4, 1–12 (2009)
Bonson, E., Cortijo, V., Escobar, T., Flores, F.: Implementing XBRL successfully by Mandate and Voluntarily. Online 33(1), 37–40 (2009)
Valentinetti, D., Rea, M.A.: IFRS taxonomy and financial reporting practices: the case of Italian listed companies. Int. J. Acc. Inf. Syst. 13, 163–180 (2012)
Valentinetti, D., Rea, M.A.: Adopting XBRL in Italy: early evidence of fit between Italian GAAP taxonomy and current reporting practices of non-listed companies. Int. J. Digital Acc. Res. 11, 45–67 (2011)
Davis, F.D.: Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Q. 13(3), 319–340 (1989)
Bagozzi, R.P., Davis, F.D., Warshaw, P.R.: Development and test of a theory of technological learning and usage. Human Relat. 45(7), 660–686 (1992)
McCollum, T.: Audit skills need improvement. Intern. Auditor 67(3), 15–19 (2010)
Hunton, J.E.: Blending information and communication technology with accounting research. Acc. Horiz. 16(1), 55–67 (2002)
Brazel, J.F.: How do financial statement auditors and IT auditors work together? CPA J. 78(11), 38–41 (2008)
Omoteso, K., Patel, A., Scott, P.: Information and communications technology and auditing: current implications and future directions. Int. J. Auditing 14(2), 147–162 (2010)
Chaveerug, A., Ussahawanitchakit, P.: Effective implementation of computerized assisted auditing of CPAs in Thailand: how does Influence audit performance? Int. J. Bus. Res. 9(5), 54–75 (2009)
Janvrin, D., Bierstaker, J., Lowe, D.J.: An examination of audit information technology use and perceived importance. Acc. Horiz. 22(1), 1–21 (2008)
Protiviti: Internal Audit Capabilities and Needs Survey, http://www.protiviti.de
Steffee, S.: Making audits serve investors. Intern. Auditor 67(3), 15 (2010)
Rogers, E.M.: Diffusion of Innovations. Free Press, Glencoe (1962)
Rogers, E.M.: Diffusion of Innovations. Free Press, New York (1983)
Caserio, C., La Rosa, F.: XBRL e trade-off del reporting: verso una possibile soluzione? In: Zambon, S. (ed.) XBRL e Informativa Aziendale: Traiettorie Innovazioni e Sfide. Contributi di analisi dell’Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale. Franco Angeli, Milano (2010)
Strauss, A., Corbin, J.: Grounded theory methodology: an overview. In: Denzin, N., Lincoln, Y. (eds.) Handbook of Qualitative research. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks (1994)
Whiteley, A.: Grounded research: a modified grounded theory for the business setting. Working Paper, Paper Series 19. Curtin University of Technology, Perth (2000)
Glaser, B.G.: Doing Grounded Theory: Issues and Discussions. Sociology Press, Mill Valley (1998)
Glaser, B.G.: The Grounded Theory Perspective II: Description’s Remodeling of Grounded Theory. Sociology Press, Mill Valley (2003)
Denzin, N.K., Lincoln, Y.S.: Handbook of Qualitative Research. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks (1994)
Synodinos, N.E., Papacostas, C.S., Okimoto, G.M.: Computer administered versus paper-and-pencil surveys and the effect of sample selection. Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. Comput. 26(4), 395–401 (1994)
Stake, R.E.: The Art of Case Study Research. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks (1995)
Bozeman, B., Klein, H.K.: The case study as research heuristic: lessons from the R&D value mapping project. Eval. Program Plann. 22(1), 91–103 (1999)
Yin, R.K.: Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Sage Publication, London (2009)
Yin, R.K.: The case study as a serious research strategy. Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion, Utilization, vol. 3. pp 97–114 (1981a)
Yin, R.K.: The case study crisis: some answers. Adm. Sci. Q. 26(1981), 58–65 (1981)
Eisenhardt, K.M.: Building theories from case study research. Acad. Manag. Rev. 14(4), 532–550 (1989)
Lee, A.S.: A scientific methodology for MIS case studies. MIS Q. 13(1), 33–52 (1989)
Rogowski, R.: How inference in the social (but Not the Physical) sciences neglects theoretical anomaly. In: Brady, H.E., Collier, D. (eds.) Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared Standards, 2nd edn, pp. 75–83. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham (2010)
George, A.L., Bennett, A.: Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. MIT Press, Cambridge (2005)
Brady, H.E., Collier, D.: Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared Standards, 2nd edn. Rowman & Littlefield. Brady e Collier, Lanham (2010)
Lincoln, Y.S., Guba, E.G.: Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In: Denzin, N.K., Lincoln, Y.S. (eds.) Handbook of Qualitative Research, pp. 105–117. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks (1994)
March, J.G., Sproull, L.S., Tamuz, M.: Learning from samples of one or fewer. Organ. Sci. 2(1), 1–13 (1991)
Campbell, D.T., Stanley, J.C.: Experimental and quasi-experimental design for research. Nl Gage, (1963)
Cook, T.D., Campbell, D.T.: Quasi-Experimentation: Design and Analysis Issues for Field Settings. Houghton Mifflin, Boston (1979)
Patton, M.Q.: Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods, 3rd edn. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks (2002)
Herriott, R.E., Firestone, W.A.: Multisite qualitative policy research: optimizing description and generalizability. Educ. Res. 12, 14–19 (1983)
Eisenhardt, K.M., Bourgeais, L.J.: Politics of strategic decision making in high-velocity environments: toward a midrange theory. Acad. Manage. J. 31(4), 737–770 (1988)
Mitchell, M.L., Jolley, J.M.: Research Design Explained, 8th edn. John-David Hague, Wadsworth (2012)
Fink, A.: The Survey Handbook, 2nd edn. Sage Publications, London (2003)
Berg, B.L.: Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences, 5th edn. Pearson, London (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
La Rosa, F., Caserio, C. (2013). Are Auditors Interested in XBRL? A Qualitative Survey of Big Auditing Firms in Italy. In: Mancini, D., Vaassen, E., Dameri, R. (eds) Accounting Information Systems for Decision Making. Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organisation, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35761-9_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35761-9_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-35760-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-35761-9
eBook Packages: Business and EconomicsBusiness and Management (R0)