Abstract
Different concepts related to controllability of differential-algebraic equations are described. The class of systems considered consists of linear differential-algebraic equations with constant coefficients. Regularity, which is, loosely speaking, a concept related to existence and uniqueness of solutions for any inhomogeneity, is not required in this article. The concepts of impulse controllability, controllability at infinity, behavioral controllability, and strong and complete controllability are described and defined in the time domain. Equivalent criteria that generalize the Hautus test are presented and proved.
Special emphasis is placed on normal forms under state space transformation and, further, under state space, input and feedback transformations. Special forms generalizing the Kalman decomposition and Brunovský form are presented. Consequences for state feedback design and geometric interpretation of the space of reachable states in terms of invariant subspaces are proved.
Thomas Berger was supported by DFG grant IL 25/9 and partially supported by the DAAD.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Adams, R.A.: Sobolev Spaces. Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 65. Academic Press, New York (1975)
Anderson, B.D.O., Vongpanitlerd, S.: Network Analysis and Synthesis—A Modern Systems Theory Approach. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1973)
Aplevich, J.D.: Minimal representations of implicit linear systems. Automatica 21(3), 259–269 (1985)
Aplevich, J.D.: Implicit Linear Systems. Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences, vol. 152. Springer, Berlin (1991)
Armentano, V.A.: Eigenvalue placement for generalized linear systems. Syst. Control Lett. 4, 199–202 (1984)
Armentano, V.A.: The pencil (sE−A) and controllability-observability for generalized linear systems: a geometric approach. SIAM J. Control Optim. 24, 616–638 (1986)
Ascher, U.M., Petzold, L.R.: Computer Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations and Differential-Algebraic Equations. SIAM, Philadelphia (1998)
Aubin, J.P., Cellina, A.: Differential Inclusions: Set-Valued Maps and Viability Theory. Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften, vol. 264. Springer, Berlin (1984)
Aubin, J.P., Frankowska, H.: Set Valued Analysis. Birkhäuser, Boston (1990)
Augustin, F., Rentrop, P.: Numerical methods and codes for differential algebraic equations. In: Surveys in Differential-Algebraic Equations I. Differential-Algebraic Equations Forum, vol. 2. Springer, Berlin (2012)
Banaszuk, A., Przyłuski, K.M.: On perturbations of controllable implicit linear systems. IMA J. Math. Control Inf. 16, 91–102 (1999)
Banaszuk, A., Kociȩcki, M., Przyłuski, K.M.: On Hautus-type conditions for controllability of implicit linear discrete-time systems. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 8(3), 289–298 (1989)
Banaszuk, A., Kociȩcki, M., Przyłuski, K.M.: Implicit linear discrete-time systems. Math. Control Signals Syst. 3(3), 271–297 (1990)
Banaszuk, A., Kociȩcki, M., Przyłuski, K.M.: Kalman-type decomposition for implicit linear discrete-time systems, and its applications. Int. J. Control 52(5), 1263–1271 (1990)
Banaszuk, A., Kociȩcki, M., Lewis, F.L.: Kalman decomposition for implicit linear systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 37(10), 1509–1514 (1992)
Basile, G., Marro, G.: Controlled and Conditioned Invariants in Linear System Theory. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1992)
Belevitch, V.: Classical Network Theory. Holden-Day, San Francisco (1968)
Belur, M., Trentelman, H.: Stabilization, pole placement and regular implementability. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 47(5), 735–744 (2002)
Bender, D.J., Laub, A.J.: Controllability and observability at infinity of multivariable linear second-order models. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control AC-30, 1234–1237 (1985)
Bender, D.J., Laub, A.J.: The linear-quadratic optimal regulator for descriptor systems. In: Proc. 24th IEEE Conf. Decis. Control, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, pp. 957–962 (1985)
Bender, D., Laub, A.: The linear quadratic optimal regulator problem for descriptor systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 32, 672–688 (1987)
Berger, T., Trenn, S.: The quasi-Kronecker form for matrix pencils. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 33(2), 336–368 (2012)
Berger, T., Trenn, S.: Addition to: “The quasi-Kronecker form for matrix pencils”. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 34(1), 94–101 (2013). doi:10.1137/120883244
Berger, T., Ilchmann, A., Reis, T.: Normal forms, high-gain, and funnel control for linear differential-algebraic systems. In: Biegler, L.T., Campbell, S.L., Mehrmann, V. (eds.) Control and Optimization with Differential-Algebraic Constraints. Advances in Design and Control, vol. 23, pp. 127–164. SIAM, Philadelphia (2012)
Berger, T., Ilchmann, A., Reis, T.: Zero dynamics and funnel control of linear differential-algebraic systems. Math. Control Signals Syst. 24(3), 219–263 (2012)
Berger, T., Ilchmann, A., Trenn, S.: The quasi-Weierstraß form for regular matrix pencils. Linear Algebra Appl. 436(10), 4052–4069 (2012)
Bernhard, P.: On singular implicit linear dynamical systems. SIAM J. Control Optim. 20(5), 612–633 (1982)
Birkhoff, G., MacLane, S.: A Survey of Modern Algebra, 4th edn. Macmillan Publishing Co., New York (1977)
Bonilla Estrada, M., Malabre, M.: On the control of linear systems having internal variations. Automatica 39, 1989–1996 (2003)
Bonilla, M., Malabre, M., Loiseau, J.J.: Implicit systems reachability: a geometric point of view. In: Joint 48th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and 28th Chinese Control Conference, Shanghai, P.R. China, pp. 4270–4275 (2009)
Brenan, K.E., Campbell, S.L., Petzold, L.R.: Numerical Solution of Initial-Value Problems in Differential-Algebraic Equations. North-Holland, Amsterdam (1989)
Brunovský, P.: A classification of linear controllable systems. Kybernetika 3, 137–187 (1970)
Bunse-Gerstner, A., Mehrmann, V., Nichols, N.K.: On derivative and proportional feedback design for descriptor systems. In: Kaashoek, M.A., et al. (eds.) Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Mathematical Theory of Networks and Systems, Amsterdam, Netherlands (1989)
Bunse-Gerstner, A., Mehrmann, V., Nichols, N.K.: Regularization of descriptor systems by derivative and proportional state feedback. Report, University of Reading, Dept. of Math., Numerical Analysis Group, Reading, UK (1991)
Byers, R., Kunkel, P., Mehrmann, V.: Regularization of linear descriptor systems with variable coefficients. SIAM J. Control Optim. 35, 117–133 (1997)
Calahan, D.A.: Computer-Aided Network Design. McGraw-Hill, New York (1972). Rev. edn
Campbell, S.L.: Singular Systems of Differential Equations I. Pitman, New York (1980)
Campbell, S.L.: Singular Systems of Differential Equations II. Pitman, New York (1982)
Campbell, S.L., Carl, D., Meyer, J., Rose, N.J.: Applications of the Drazin inverse to linear systems of differential equations with singular constant coefficients. SIAM J. Appl. Math. 31(3), 411–425 (1976). http://link.aip.org/link/?SMM/31/411/1. doi:10.1137/0131035
Campbell, S.L., Nichols, N.K., Terrell, W.J.: Duality, observability, and controllability for linear time-varying descriptor systems. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 10(4), 455–470 (1991)
Christodoulou, M.A., Paraskevopoulos, P.N.: Solvability, controllability, and observability of singular systems. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 45, 53–72 (1985)
Cobb, J.D.: Descriptor Variable and Generalized Singularly Perturbed Systems: A Geometric Approach. Univ. of Illinois, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Urbana-Champaign (1980)
Cobb, J.D.: Feedback and pole placement in descriptor variable systems. Int. J. Control 33(6), 1135–1146 (1981)
Cobb, J.D.: On the solution of linear differential equations with singular coefficients. J. Differ. Equ. 46, 310–323 (1982)
Cobb, J.D.: Descriptor variable systems and optimal state regulation. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control AC-28, 601–611 (1983)
Cobb, J.D.: Controllability, observability and duality in singular systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control AC-29, 1076–1082 (1984)
Crouch, P.E., van der Schaft, A.J.: Variational and Hamiltonian Control Systems. Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences, vol. 101. Springer, Berlin (1986)
Cuthrell, J.E., Biegler, L.T.: On the optimization of differential-algebraic process systems. AIChE J. 33(8), 1257–1270 (1987)
Dai, L.: Singular Control Systems. Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences, vol. 118. Springer, Berlin (1989)
Daoutidis, P.: DAEs in chemical engineering: a survey. In: Surveys in Differential-Algebraic Equations I. Differential-Algebraic Equations Forum, vol. 2. Springer, Berlin (2012)
Diehla, M., Uslu, I., Findeisen, R., Schwarzkopf, S., Allgöwer, F., Bock, H.G., Bürner, T., Gilles, E.D., Kienle, A., Schlöder, J.P., Stein, E.: Real-time optimization for large scale processes: nonlinear model predictive control of a high purity distillation column. In: Grötschel, M., Krumke, S.O., Rambau, J. (eds.) Online Optimization of Large Scale Systems: State of the Art, pp. 363–384. Springer, Berlin (2001)
Diehla, M., Bock, H.G., Schlöder, J.P., Findeisen, R., Nagyc, Z., Allgöwer, F.: Real-time optimization and nonlinear model predictive control of processes governed by differential-algebraic equations. J. Process Control 12, 577–585 (2002)
Dieudonné, J.: Sur la réduction canonique des couples des matrices. Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 74, 130–146 (1946)
Dziurla, B., Newcomb, R.W.: Nonregular Semistate Systems: Examples and Input-Output Pairing. IEEE Press, New York (1987)
Eich-Soellner, E., Führer, C.: Numerical Methods in Multibody Dynamics. Teubner, Stuttgart (1998)
Eliopoulou, H., Karcanias, N.: Properties of reachability and almost reachability subspaces of implicit systems: the extension problem. Kybernetika 31(6), 530–540 (1995)
Fletcher, L.R., Kautsky, J., Nichols, N.K.: Eigenstructure assignment in descriptor systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control AC-31, 1138–1141 (1986)
Frankowska, H.: On controllability and observability of implicit systems. Syst. Control Lett. 14, 219–225 (1990)
Führer, C., Leimkuhler, B.J.: Numerical solution of differential-algebraic equations for constrained mechanical motion. Numer. Math. 59, 55–69 (1991)
Gantmacher, F.R.: The Theory of Matrices, vols. I & II. Chelsea, New York (1959)
Geerts, A.H.W.T.: Solvability conditions, consistency and weak consistency for linear differential-algebraic equations and time-invariant linear systems: the general case. Linear Algebra Appl. 181, 111–130 (1993)
Geerts, A.H.W.T., Mehrmann, V.: Linear differential equations with constant coefficients: a distributional approach. Tech. Rep. SFB 343 90-073, Bielefeld University, Germany (1990)
Glüsing-Lüerßen, H.: Feedback canonical form for singular systems. Int. J. Control 52(2), 347–376 (1990)
Glüsing-Lüerßen, H., Hinrichsen, D.: A Jordan control canonical form for singular systems. Int. J. Control 48(5), 1769–1785 (1988)
Gresho, P.M.: Incompressible fluid dynamics: some fundamental formulation issues. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 23, 413–453 (1991)
Griepentrog, E., März, R.: Differential-Algebraic Equations and Their Numerical Treatment. Teubner-Texte zur Mathematik, vol. 88. Teubner, Leipzig (1986)
Haug, E.J.: Computer-Aided Kinematics and Dynamics of Mechanical Systems. Allyn and Bacon, Boston (1989)
Hautus, M.L.J.: Controllability and observability condition for linear autonomous systems. Proc. Ned. Akad. Wet., Ser. A 72, 443–448 (1969)
Helmke, U., Shayman, M.A.: A canonical form for controllable singular systems. Syst. Control Lett. 12(2), 111–122 (1989)
Hinrichsen, D., Pritchard, A.J.: Mathematical Systems Theory I. Modelling, State Space Analysis, Stability and Robustness. Texts in Applied Mathematics, vol. 48. Springer, Berlin (2005)
Hou, M.: Controllability and elimination of impulsive modes in descriptor systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 49(10), 1723–1727 (2004)
Ilchmann, A., Mehrmann, V.: A behavioural approach to time-varying linear systems, Part 1: general theory. SIAM J. Control Optim. 44(5), 1725–1747 (2005)
Ilchmann, A., Mehrmann, V.: A behavioural approach to time-varying linear systems, Part 2: descriptor systems. SIAM J. Control Optim. 44(5), 1748–1765 (2005)
Ilchmann, A., Nürnberger, I., Schmale, W.: Time-varying polynomial matrix systems. Int. J. Control 40(2), 329–362 (1984)
Ishihara, J.Y., Terra, M.H.: Impulse controllability and observability of rectangular descriptor systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 46(6), 991–994 (2001)
Isidori, A.: Nonlinear Control Systems, 3rd edn. Communications and Control Engineering Series. Springer, Berlin (1995)
Isidori, A.: Nonlinear Control Systems II. Communications and Control Engineering Series. Springer, London (1999)
Jaffe, S., Karcanias, N.: Matrix pencil characterization of almost (A,B)-invariant subspaces: a classification of geometric concepts. Int. J. Control 33(1), 51–93 (1981)
Julius, A., van der Schaft, A.: Compatibility of behavioral interconnections. In: Proc. 7th European Control Conf. 2003, Cambridge, UK (2003)
Kailath, T.: Linear Systems. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1980)
Kalman, R.E.: On the general theory of control systems. In: Proceedings of the First International Congress on Automatic Control, Moscow, 1960, pp. 481–493. Butterworth’s, London (1961)
Kalman, R.E.: Canonical structure of linear dynamical systems. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 48(4), 596–600 (1962)
Kalman, R.E.: Mathematical description of linear dynamical systems. SIAM J. Control Optim. 1, 152–192 (1963)
Karcanias, N.: Regular state-space realizations of singular system control problems. In: Proc. 26th IEEE Conf. Decis. Control, Los Angeles, CA, pp. 1144–1146 (1987)
Karcanias, N., Hayton, G.E.: Generalised autonomous dynamical systems, algebraic duality and geometric theory. In: Proc. 8th IFAC World Congress, Kyoto, 1981, vol. III, pp. 13–18 (1981)
Karcanias, N., Kalogeropoulos, G.: A matrix pencil approach to the study of singular systems: algebraic and geometric aspects. In: Proc. Int. Symp. on Singular Systems, Atlanta, GA, pp. 29–33 (1987)
Karcanias, N., Kalogeropoulos, G.: Geometric theory and feedback invariants of generalized linear systems: a matrix pencil approach. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 8(3), 375–397 (1989)
Karcanias, N., Kouvaritakis, B.: The output zeroing problem and its relationship to the invariant zero structure: a matrix pencil approach. Int. J. Control 30(3), 395–415 (1979)
Knobloch, H.W., Kwakernaak, H.: Lineare Kontrolltheorie. Springer, Berlin (1985)
Koumboulis, F.N., Mertzios, B.G.: On Kalman’s controllability and observability criteria for singular systems. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 18(3), 269–290 (1999)
Kouvaritakis, B., MacFarlane, A.G.J.: Geometric approach to analysis and synthesis of system zeros Part 1. Square systems. Int. J. Control 23(2), 149–166 (1976)
Kouvaritakis, B., MacFarlane, A.G.J.: Geometric approach to analysis and synthesis of system zeros Part 2. Non-square systems. Int. J. Control 23(2), 167–181 (1976)
Kronecker, L.: Algebraische Reduction der Schaaren Bilinearer Formen. Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, pp. 1225–1237 (1890)
Kučera, V., Zagalak, P.: Fundamental theorem of state feedback for singular systems. Automatica 24(5), 653–658 (1988)
Kuijper, M.: First-Order Representations of Linear Systems. Birkhäuser, Boston (1994)
Kunkel, P., Mehrmann, V.: Differential-Algebraic Equations. Analysis and Numerical Solution. EMS Publishing House, Zürich (2006)
Kunkel, P., Mehrmann, V., Rath, W.: Analysis and numerical solution of control problems in descriptor form. Math. Control Signals Syst. 14, 29–61 (2001)
Lamour, R., März, R., Tischendorf, C.: Differential Algebraic Equations: A Projector Based Analysis. Differential-Algebraic Equations Forum, vol. 1. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Lewis, F.L.: A survey of linear singular systems. IEEE Proc., Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 5(1), 3–36 (1986)
Lewis, F.L.: A tutorial on the geometric analysis of linear time-invariant implicit systems. Automatica 28(1), 119–137 (1992)
Lewis, F.L., Özçaldiran, K.: Reachability and controllability for descriptor systems. In: Proc. 27, Midwest Symp. on Circ. Syst., Morgantown, WV (1984)
Lewis, F.L., Özçaldiran, K.: On the Eigenstructure Assignment of Singular Systems. IEEE Press, New York (1985)
Lewis, F.L., Özçaldiran, K.: Geometric structure and feedback in singular systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control AC-34(4), 450–455 (1989)
Loiseau, J.: Some geometric considerations about the Kronecker normal form. Int. J. Control 42(6), 1411–1431 (1985)
Loiseau, J., Özçaldiran, K., Malabre, M., Karcanias, N.: Feedback canonical forms of singular systems. Kybernetika 27(4), 289–305 (1991)
Lötstedt, P., Petzold, L.R.: Numerical solution of nonlinear differential equations with algebraic constraints I: convergence results for backward differentiation formulas. Math. Comput. 46(174), 491–516 (1986)
Luenberger, D.G.: Dynamic equations in descriptor form. EEE Trans. Autom. Control AC-22, 312–321 (1977)
Luenberger, D.G.: Time-invariant descriptor systems. Automatica 14, 473–480 (1978)
Luenberger, D.G.: Introduction to Dynamic Systems: Theory, Models and Applications. Wiley, New York (1979)
Luenberger, D.G.: Nonlinear descriptor systems. J. Econ. Dyn. Control 1, 219–242 (1979)
Luenberger, D.G., Arbel, A.: Singular dynamic Leontief systems. Econometrica 45, 991–995 (1977)
Malabre, M.: More Geometry About Singular Systems. IEEE Press, New York (1987)
Malabre, M.: Generalized linear systems: geometric and structural approaches. Linear Algebra Appl. 122–124, 591–621 (1989)
Masubuchi, I.: Stability and stabilization of implicit systems. In: Proc. 39th IEEE Conf. Decis. Control, Sydney, Australia, vol. 12, pp. 3636–3641 (2000)
Mertzios, B.G., Christodoulou, M.A., Syrmos, B.L., Lewis, F.L.: Direct controllability and observability time domain conditions of singular systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 33(8), 788–791 (1988)
Müller, P.C.: Remark on the solution of linear time-invariant descriptor systems. In: PAMM—Proc. Appl. Math. Mech., GAMM Annual Meeting 2005, Luxemburg, vol. 5, pp. 175–176. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim (2005). doi:10.1002/pamm.200510066
Newcomb, R.W.: The semistate description of nonlinear time-variable circuits. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. CAS-28, 62–71 (1981)
Özçaldiran, K.: Control of descriptor systems. Ph.D. thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology (1985)
Özçaldiran, K.: A geometric characterization of the reachable and controllable subspaces of descriptor systems. IEEE Proc., Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 5, 37–48 (1986)
Özçaldiran, K., Haliločlu, L.: Structural properties of singular systems. Kybernetika 29(6), 518–546 (1993)
Özçaldiran, K., Lewis, F.L.: A geometric approach to eigenstructure assignment for singular systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control AC-32(7), 629–632 (1987)
Özçaldiran, K., Lewis, F.L.: Generalized reachability subspaces for singular systems. SIAM J. Control Optim. 27, 495–510 (1989)
Özçaldiran, K., Lewis, F.L.: On the regularizability of singular systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 35(10), 1156 (1990)
Pandolfi, L.: Controllability and stabilization for linear systems of algebraic and differential equations. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 30, 601–620 (1980)
Pandolfi, L.: On the regulator problem for linear degenerate control systems. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 33, 241–254 (1981)
Pantelides, C.C.: The consistent initialization of differential-algebraic systems. SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comput. 9, 213–231 (1988)
Petzold, L.R.: Numerical solution of differential-algebraic equations in mechanical systems simulation. Physica D 60, 269–279 (1992)
Polderman, J.W., Willems, J.C.: Introduction to Mathematical Systems Theory. A Behavioral Approach. Springer, New York (1997)
Popov, V.M.: Hyperstability of Control Systems. Springer, Berlin (1973). Translation based on a revised text prepared shortly after the publication of the Romanian ed., 1966
Przyłuski, K.M., Sosnowski, A.M.: Remarks on the theory of implicit linear continuous-time systems. Kybernetika 30(5), 507–515 (1994)
Pugh, A.C., Ratcliffe, P.A.: On the zeros and poles of a rational matrix. Int. J. Control 30, 213–226 (1979)
Rabier, P.J., Rheinboldt, W.C.: Classical and generalized solutions of time-dependent linear differential-algebraic equations. Linear Algebra Appl. 245, 259–293 (1996)
Rath, W.: Feedback design and regularization for linear descriptor systems with variable coefficients. Dissertation, TU Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany (1997)
Riaza, R.: Differential-Algebraic Systems. Analytical Aspects and Circuit Applications. World Scientific Publishing, Basel (2008)
Riaza, R.: DAEs in circuit modelling: a survey. In: Surveys in Differential-Algebraic Equations I. Differential-Algebraic Equations Forum, vol. 2. Springer, Berlin (2012)
Rosenbrock, H.H.: State Space and Multivariable Theory. Wiley, New York (1970)
Rosenbrock, H.H.: Structural properties of linear dynamical systems. Int. J. Control 20, 191–202 (1974)
Rugh, W.J.: Linear System Theory, 2nd edn. Information and System Sciences Series. Prentice-Hall, New York (1996)
Schiehlen, W.: Multibody system dynamics: roots and perspectives. Multibody Syst. Dyn. 1, 149–188 (1997)
Shayman, M.A., Zhou, Z.: Feedback control and classification of generalized linear systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 32(6), 483–490 (1987)
Simeon, B., Führer, C., Rentrop, P.: Differential-algebraic equations in vehicle system dynamics. Surv. Math. Ind. 1, 1–37 (1991)
Sontag, E.D.: Mathematical Control Theory: Deterministic Finite Dimensional Systems, 2nd edn. Springer, New York (1998)
Trenn, S.: Distributional differential algebraic equations. Ph.D. thesis, Institut für Mathematik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Universitätsverlag Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany (2009). http://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=13581
Trenn, S.: Regularity of distributional differential algebraic equations. Math. Control Signals Syst. 21(3), 229–264 (2009). doi:10.1007/s00498-009-0045-4
Trenn, S.: Solution concepts for linear DAEs: a survey. In: Surveys in Differential-Algebraic Equations I. Differential-Algebraic Equations Forum, vol. 2. Springer, Berlin (2013)
Trentelman, H., Willems, J.: The behavioral approach as a paradigm for modelling interconnected systems. Eur. J. Control 9(2–3), 296–306 (2003)
Trentelman, H.L., Stoorvogel, A.A., Hautus, M.: Control Theory for Linear Systems. Communications and Control Engineering. Springer, London (2001)
van der Schaft, A.J.: System Theoretic Descriptions of Physical Systems. CWI Tract, No. 3. CWI, Amsterdam (1984)
van der Schaft, A.J.: Port-Hamiltonian differential-algebraic systems. In: Surveys in Differential-Algebraic Equations I. Differential-Algebraic Equations Forum, vol. 2. Springer, Berlin (2012)
van der Schaft, A.J., Schumacher, J.M.H.: The complementary-slackness class of hybrid systems. Math. Control Signals Syst. 9, 266–301 (1996). doi:10.1007/BF02551330
Verghese, G.C.: Infinite-frequency behavio in generalized dynamical systems. Ph.D. thesis, Stanford University (1978)
Verghese, G.C.: Further notes on singular systems. In: Proc. Joint American Contr. Conf. (1981). Paper TA-4B
Verghese, G.C., Kailath, T.: Eigenvector chains for finite and infinite zeros of rational matrices. In: Proc. 18th Conf. Dec. and Control, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, pp. 31–32 (1979)
Verghese, G.C., Kailath, T.: Impulsive behavior in dynamical systems: structure and significance. In: Dewilde, P. (ed.) Proc. 4th MTNS, pp. 162–168 (1979)
Verghese, G.C., Levy, B.C., Kailath, T.: A generalized state-space for singular systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control AC-26(4), 811–831 (1981)
Wang, C.J.: Controllability and observability of linear time-varying singular systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 44(10), 1901–1905 (1999)
Wang, C.J., Liao, H.E.: Impulse observability and impulse controllability of linear time-varying singular systems. Automatica 2001(37), 1867–1872 (2001
Weierstraß, K.: Zur Theorie der bilinearen und quadratischen Formen. Berl. Monatsb., pp. 310–338 (1868)
Wilkinson, J.H.: Linear differential equations and Kronecker’s canonical form. In: de Boor, C., Golub, G.H. (eds.) Recent Advances in Numerical Analysis, pp. 231–265. Academic Press, New York (1978)
Willems, J.C.: System theoretic models for the analysis of physical systems. Ric. Autom. 10, 71–106 (1979)
Willems, J.C.: Paradigms and puzzles in the theory of dynamical systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control AC-36(3), 259–294 (1991)
Willems, J.C.: On interconnections, control, and feedback. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 42, 326–339 (1997)
Willems, J.C.: The behavioral approach to open and interconnected systems. IEEE Control Syst. Mag. 27(6), 46–99 (2007)
Wong, K.T.: The eigenvalue problem λTx+Sx. J. Differ. Equ. 16, 270–280 (1974)
Wonham, W.M.: On pole assignment in multi–input controllable linear systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control AC-12, 660–665 (1967)
Wonham, W.M.: Linear Multivariable Control: A Geometric Approach, 3rd edn. Springer, New York (1985)
Wood, J., Zerz, E.: Notes on the definition of behavioural controllability. Syst. Control Lett. 37, 31–37 (1999)
Yamada, T., Luenberger, D.G.: Generic controllability theorems for descriptor systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 30(2), 144–152 (1985)
Yip, E.L., Sincovec, R.F.: Solvability, controllability and observability of continuous descriptor systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control AC-26, 702–707 (1981)
Zhou, Z., Shayman, M.A., Tarn, T.J.: Singular systems: a new approach in the time domain. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 32(1), 42–50 (1987)
Zubova, S.P.: On full controllability criteria of a descriptor system. The polynomial solution of a control problem with checkpoints. Autom. Remote Control 72(1), 23–37 (2011)
Acknowledgements
We are indebted to Harry L. Trentelman (University of Groningen) for providing helpful comments on the behavioral approach.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Berger, T., Reis, T. (2013). Controllability of Linear Differential-Algebraic Systems—A Survey. In: Ilchmann, A., Reis, T. (eds) Surveys in Differential-Algebraic Equations I. Differential-Algebraic Equations Forum. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34928-7_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34928-7_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-34927-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-34928-7
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)