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Brief Overview on Some New Developments

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The Vitreous State

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Abstract

The present monograph is widely identical to the first edition of the present book published by Springer in 1995 removing several printing mistakes and indicating in footnotes briefly some new developments. In the present supplementary new chapter, we are attempting to give a more extended but necessarily also brief overview on new developments, trying to summarize problems, scientific ideas and results, as they have been developed mainly in the fields of the theory of vitrification, in the understanding of the nature of vitreous states and in treating nucleation, phase separation and crystallization in glass-forming systems in the years after the first edition of this book has been published. In describing these ideas and results and in bringing them to the attention of our readers, we have followed mainly the route of development, as it appeared in the framework of our own understanding and interests and as far as they could be considered as a continuation of the analysis of problems and ideas, developed in the first edition of this book. As far as these ideas are to a great extent in line with the general main tendencies in the present international literature, they give also an impression of general trends and developments in glass science.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In discussing our approach at a conference in Cherkassy, Ukraine, in June 2012, organized by Andriy Gusak and coworkers, one of the participants (E. Rabkin, Haifa, Israel) noted that eventually similar ideas have been anticipated earlier by E. Scheil [118] and J. N. Hobstetter [119] in application to nucleation-growth processes in metal physics, where this approach is denoted as Scheil-Hobstetter model [120]. As it turned out this suggestion was fully correct. Indeed, Scheil started his paper of 1950 with the observation of W. Gerlach [121] that in segregation of nickel-gold particles from a solid solution as a rule particles are formed which do not have the equilibrium composition. He cited also the observation of G. Masing [122] in his book on metal physics that such effect – the difference of the composition of the clusters from the composition of the macroscopic phases – is not an exception but the rule in metal physics. Employing similarly to our analysis in [115] Becker’s equation [123] for the description of the interfacial energy in dependence on composition, he demanded similarly to our approach that the critical cluster composition is, in general, different from the equilibrium composition of macroscopic samples and determined by the condition of the minimum of the work of critical cluster formation, i.e., he had really expressed the same idea as advanced by us 50 years later not being aware then of this earlier work. However, Scheil presumably did not recognize that this approach is in deep conflict to Gibbs classical theory which leads – if correctly employed – to different results. Consequently, in the analysis of Scheil the question remains unanswered how one can employ on one side Gibbs theory but replace one of the inherent consequences by a different assumption contradicting the conclusions of Gibbs’ classical approach. By the way, as mentioned by Scheil as well, Becker, developing and employing the relation for the description of the surface tension in dependence on composition, employed in the analysis Gibbs classical theory, i.e., identified the composition of the newly evolving critical clusters with the composition of the newly forming macroscopic phase. In addition, Scheil supposed that eventually the state of the critical cluster may refer to some metastable phase which under certain conditions may be formed macroscopically remaining in this way to some extent at the level of the classical Ostwald’s rule of stages (but leaving open also the possibility that such metastable states may not exist). According to our treatment formulated in the generalized Ostwald’s rule of stages, the composition of the critical clusters is from the very beginning supposed to refer to transient states (composition, density, structure etc.) having no macroscopic analogon.

  2. 2.

    This section has benefitted highly from discussions with Alexander S. Abyzov which are gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Physical Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Ivan S. Gutzow

  2. Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany

    Jürn W. P. Schmelzer

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  1. Ivan S. Gutzow
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Gutzow, I.S., Schmelzer, J.W.P. (2013). Brief Overview on Some New Developments. In: The Vitreous State. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34633-0_14

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