Abstract
Bacterial endophytes have long been investigated for their beneficial effects on plants, such as plant growth promotion, increased mineral uptake, providing biologically fixed nitrogen, suppressing plant diseases, and induction of plant defense cascades. While the use of beneficial endophytes to mange plant diseases of annual and biannual crops has been researched and reviewed for some time now, far less work has focused on utilizing bacterial endophytes in perennial crops. Recent studies on the microbial communities of cacao, citrus, apple, spruce, and popular trees, among others, have demonstrated that perennial crops are home to a diverse community of endophytic bacteria. We summarize the present knowledge of biological control modes of action and use of bacterial endophytes for management of diseases in perennial crops. We also summarize the use of new molecular technologies, such as pyrosequencing and QPCR, to gain a better understanding on the interaction between plant hosts, pathogens, and bacterial endophytes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adams PD, Kloepper JW (2002) Effect of host genotype on indigenous bacterial endophytes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Plant Soil 240:181–189. doi:10.1023/a:1015840224564
Afkhami ME, Rudgers JA (2008) Symbiosis lost: imperfect vertical transmission of fungal endophytes in grasses. Am Nat 172:405–416
Almeida LC, Pereira EF, Purcell AH, Lopes JRS (2001) Multiplication and movement of a citrus strain of Xylella fastidiosa within sweet orange. Plant Dis 85:382–386. doi:10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.4.382
Amorim L, Gergamin Filho A, Palazzo DA, Bassanezi RB, Godoy CV, Torres GAM (1987) Chlorose variegada dos citros: uma escala diagamatica para avaliacao da severidade da doenca. Fitopatol Bras 18:174–180
Andreote FD, Lacava PT, Gai CS, Araújo WL, Maccheroni JW, van Overbeek LS, van Elsas JD, Azevedo JL (2006) Model plants for studying the interaction between Methylobacterium mesophilicum and Xylella fastidiosa. Can J Microbiol 52:419–426. doi:10.1139/w05-142
Araújo WL, Maccheroni W, Aguilar-Vildoso MAG, Barroso PAV, Saridakis HO, Azevedo JL (2001) Variability and interactions between endophytic bacteria and fungi isolated from leaf tissues of citrus rootstocks. Can J Microbiol 47:229–236
Araújo WL, Marcon J, Maccheroni W, Elsas JDv, Vuurde JWLv, Azevedo JL (2002) Diversity of endophytic bacterial populations and their interaction with Xylella fastidiosa in citrus plants. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:4906–4914
Arikawa E, Sun Y, Wang J, Zhou Q, Ning B, Dial S, Guo L, Yang J (2008) Cross-platform comparison of SYBR(R) Green real-time PCR with TaqMan PCR, microarrays and other gene expression measurement technologies evaluated in the MicroArray Quality Control (MAQC) study. BMC Genomics 9(1):328
Azaiez A, Boyle B, Levée V, Séguin A (2009) Transcriptome profiling in Hybrid poplar following interactions with Melampsora rust fungi. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 22:190–200. doi:10.1094/mpmi-22-2-0190
Backman PA, Tuzun S (1999) Induced systemic resistance of plants to pathogenic microorganisms. US Patent 5,888,501
Backman PA, Wilson M, Murphy JF (1998) Bacteria for biological control of plant diseases. In: Rechcig NARaJE (ed) Environmentally safe approaches to plant disease control. CRC/Lewis, Boca Raton, FL, pp 95–109
Bacon CW, Yates IE, Hinton DM, Meredith F (2001) Biological control of Fusarium moniliforme in maize. Environ Health Perspect 109(s2)
Bae H, Roberts DP, Lim H-S, Strem MD, Park S-C, Ryu C-M, Melnick RL, Bailey BA (2011) Endophytic Trichoderma isolates from tropical environments delay disease onset and induce resistance against Phytophthora capsici in hot pepper using multiple mechanisms. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 24:336–351. doi:10.1094/MPMI-09-10-0221
Bai Y, D’Aoust F, Smith DL, Driscoll BT (2002) Isolation of plant-growth-promoting Bacillus strains from soybean root nodules. Can J Microbiol 48:230–238. doi:10.1139/w02-014
Bailey BA, Bae H, Strem MD, Roberts DP, Thomas SE, Crozier J, Samuels GJ, Choi IY, Holmes KA (2006) Fungal and plant gene expression during the colonization of cacao seedlings by endophytic isolates of four Trichoderma species. Planta 224:1449–1464. doi:10.1007/s00425-006-0314-0
Baker K, Cook RJ (1974) Biological control of plant pathogens. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco, CA
Bargabus RL, Ziback NK, Sherwood JE, Jacobsen BJ (2002) Characterisation of systemic resistance in sugar beet elicited by a non-pathogenic, phyllosphere-colonizing Bacillus mycoides, biological control agent. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 61:289–298
Bargabus BL, Zidack NK, Sherwood JE, Jacobsen BJ (2003) Oxidative burst elicited by Bacillus mycoides isolate BacJ, a biological control agent, occurs independently of hypersensitive cell death in sugar beet. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 16:1145–1153
Barka EA, Gognies S, Nowak J, Audran J-C, Belarbi A (2002) Inhibitory effect of endophytic bacteria on Botrytis cinerea and its influence to promote the grapevine growth. Biol Control 24:135–142
Barnett MJ, Toman CJ, Fisher RF, Long SR (2004) A dual-genome Symbiosis Chip for coordinate study of signal exchange and development in a prokaryote–host interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:16636–16641. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407269101
Beattie GA, Lindow SE (1999) Bacterial colonization of leaves: a spectrum of strategies. Phytopathology 89:353–359
Benıtez M-S, Tustasa FB, Rotenberga D, Kleinhenzb MD, Cardina J, Stinner D, Miller SA, Gardener BBM (2007) Multiple statistical approaches of community fingerprint data reveal bacterial populations associated with general disease suppression arising from the application of different organic field management strategies. Soil Biol Biochem 39:2289–2301
Berg G, Hallmann J (2006) Control of plant pathogenic fungi with bacterial endophytes: microbial root endophytes. In: Schulz BJE, Boyle CJC, Sieber TN (eds) Soil biology, vol 9. Springer, Berlin, pp 53–69. doi:10.1007/3-540-33526-9_4
Berg G, Krechel A, Ditz M, Sikora RA, Ulrich A, Hallmann J (2005) Endophytic and ectophytic potato-associated bacterial communities differ in structure and antagonistic function against plant pathogenic fungi. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 51:215–229. doi:10.1016/j.femsec.2004.08.006
Brannen PM, Kenney DS (1997) Kodiak®—a successful biological-control product for suppression of soil-borne plant pathogens of cotton. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 19:169–171. doi:10.1038/sj.jim.2900439
Broadbent P, Baker K, Waterworth Y (1971) Bacteria and actinomycetes antogonistic to fungal root pathogens in Australian soils. Aust J Biol Sci 24:925–944. dx.doi.org/10.1071/BI9710925
Bubán T, Orosz-Kovács Z, Farkas Á (2003) The nectary as the primary site of infection by Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al.: a mini review. Plant Syst Evol 238:183–194
Campbell DH (1908) Symbiosis in ferm prothallia. Am Nat 42:495
Cankar K, Ravnikar HKM, Rupnik M (2005) Bacterial endophytes from seeds of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst). FEMS Microbiol Lett 244:341–345
Cartieaux F, Thibaud M-C, Zimmerli L, Lessard P, Sarrobert C, David P, Gerbaud A, Robaglia C, Somerville S, Nussaume L (2003) Transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis colonized by a plant-growth promoting rhizobacterium reveals a general effect on disease resistance. Plant J 36:177–188
Chen C, Bauske EM, Musson G, Rodriguezkabana R, Kloepper JW (1995) Biological control of Fusarium wilt on cotton by use of endophytic bacteria. Biol Control 5:83–91
Chernin L, Ismailov Z, Haran S, Chet I (1995) Chitinolytic Enterobacter agglomerans antagonistic to fungal plant pathogens. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:1720–1726
Compant S, Reiter B, Sessitsch A, Nowak J, Clément C, Barka EA (2005) Endophytic colonization of Vitis vinifera L. by plant growth-promoting bacterium Burkholderia sp. strain PsJN. Appl Environ Microbiol 71(4):1685–1693
Conn VM, Franco CMM (2004) Effect of microbial inoculants on the indigenous actinobacterial endophyte population in the roots of wheat as determined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. Appl Environ Microbiol 70:6407–6413. doi:10.1128/aem.70.11.6407-6413.2004
Cooper R (1959) Bacterial fertilizers in the Soviet Union. Soil Fertil 22:327–333
Curtis TP, Sloan WT, Scannell JW (2002) Estimating prokaryotic diversity and its limits. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:10494–10499
Davies KG, Kerry BR, Flynn CA (1988) Observations on the pathogenicity of Pasteuria penetrans, a parasite of root-knot nematodes. Ann Appl Biol 112:491–501
de Mayolo GA (2003) Genetic engineering of Theobroma cacao and molecular studies on cacao defense responses. PhD Dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Deberdt P, Mfegue CV, Tondje PR, Bon MC, Ducamp M, Hurard C, Begoude BAD, Ndoumbe-Nkeng M, Hebbar PK, Cilas C (2008) Impact of environmental factors, chemical fungicide and biological control on cacao pod production dynamics and black pod disease (Phytophthora megakarya) in Cameroon. Biol Control 44:149–159
Doty S, Oakley B, Xin G, Kang J, Singleton G, Khan Z, Vajzovic A, Staley J (2009) Diazotrophic endophytes of native black cottonwood and willow. Symbiosis 47:23–33. doi:10.1007/bf03179967
Driks A (1999) Bacillus subtilis spore coat. Microbiol Mol Biol 63:1–20
Driks A (2004) The Bacillus spore coat. Phytopathology 94:1249–1251
Dunleavy J (1955) Control of damping-off of sugar beet by Bacillus subtilis. Phytopathology 45:252
Evans HC (1981) Pod rot of cacao caused by Moniliophthora (Monilia) roreri. Phytopathological Papers. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew
Ferreira A, Quecine MC, Lacava PT, Oda S, Azevedo JL, Araújo WL (2008) Diversity of endophytic bacteria from Eucalyptus species seeds and colonization of seedlings by Pantoea agglomerans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 287:8–14. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01258.x
Fisher MM, Triplett EW (1999) Automated approach for ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis of microbial diversity and its application to freshwater bacterial communities. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:4630–4636
Francis I, Holsters M, Vereecke D (2010) The Gram-positive side of plant–microbe interactions. Environ Microbiol 12:1–12. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01989.x
Frändberg E, Schrnürer J (1998) Antifungal activity of chitinolytic bacteria isolated from airtight stored cereal grain. Can J Microbiol 44:121–127
Frank B (1885) Ueber die auf wurzelsymbiose beruhende ernahrung gewisser baume durch unterirdische pilze. Ber dt Bot Ges 3:128–145
Fravel DR (2005) Commericialization and implementation of biocontrol. Annu Rev Phytopathol 43:337–359
Gai C, Lacava P, Quecine M, Auriac M-C, Lopes J, Araújo W, Miller T, Azevedo J (2009) Transmission of Methylobacterium mesophilicum by Bucephalogonia xanthophis for paratransgenic control strategy of Citrus variegated chlorosis. J Microbiol 47:448–454. doi:10.1007/s12275-008-0303-z
Gilbert GS, Parke JL, Clayton MK, Handelsman J (1993) Effects of an introduced bacterium on bacterial communities on roots. Ecology 74:840–854
Guest D (2007) Black pod: diverse pathogens with a global impact on cocoa yield. Phytopathology 97:1650–1653. doi:10.1094/phyto-97-12-1650
Gupta VK, Utkhede RS (1986) Factors affecting the production of anti-fungal compounds by Enterobacter aerogenes and Bacillus subtilis, antagonists of Phytophthore cactorum. J Phytopathol 117:9–16
Hallman J, Quadt-Hallmann A, Mahafee WF, Kloepper JW (1997) Bacterial endophytes in agricultural crops. Can J Microbiol 43:895–914
Halverson LJ, Handelsman J (1991) Enhancement of soybean nodulation by Bacillus cereus UW85 in the field and in a growth chamber. Appl Environ Microbiol 57:2767–2770
Halverson LJ, Clayton MK, Handelsman J (1993) Population biology of Bacillus cereus UW85 in the rhizosphere of field-grown soybeans. Soil Biol Biochem 25:485–493
Handelsman J, Raffel S, Mester EH, Wunderlich L, Grau CR (1990) Biological control of damping-off of alfalfa seedlings with Bacillus cereus UW85. Appl Environ Microbiol 56:713–718
Harman GE, Howell CR, Viterbo A, Chet I, Lorito M (2004) Trichoderma species—opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nat Rev Biol 2:43–56
Hebbar KP (2007) Cacao diseases: a global perspective from an industry point of view. Phytopathology 97(12):1658–1663
Heil M (2001) The ecological concept of costs of induced systemic resistance (ISR). Eur J Plant Pathol 107:137–146
Heil M, Bostock RM (2002) Induced systemic resistance (ISR) against pathogens in the context of induced plant defences. Ann Bot 89:503–512
Hoffman MT, Arnold AE (2010) Diverse bacteria inhabit living hyphae of phylogenetically diverse fungal endophytes. Appl Environ Microbiol 76:4063–4075
Holb IJ, Heijne B, Jeger MJ (2004) Overwintering of conidia of Venturia inaequalis and the contribution to early epidemics of apple scab. Plant Dis 88:751–757
Hollis JP (1951) Bacteria in healthy plant tissue. Phytopathology 41:350–366
Hopkins DL (1989) Xylella fastidiosa: xylem-limited bacterial pathogen of plants. Annu Rev Phytopathol 27:271–290
Idris EE, Iglesias DJ, Talon M, Borriss R (2007) Tryptophan-dependent production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) affects level of plant growth promotion by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 20:619–626
Inbar J, Menendez A, Chet I (1996) Hyphal interaction between Trichoderma harzianum and Sclerotina sclerotiorum and its role in biological control. Soil Biol Biochem 28:757–763
Izumi H, Anderson IC, Killham K, Moore ERB (2008) Diversity of predominant endophytic bacteria in European deciduous and coniferous trees. Can J Microbiol 54:173–179
Jensen MA, Webster JA, Strauss N (1993) Rapid identification of bacteria on the basis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified ribosomal DNA spacer polymorphisms. Appl Environ Microbiol 59:945–952
Jetiyanon K, Kloepper JW (2002) Mixtures of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for induction of systemic resistance against multiple plant diseases. Biol Control 24:285–291
Ji K-X, Chi F, Yang M-F, Shen S-H, Jing Y-X, Dazzo FB, Cheng H-P (2010) Movement of rhizobia inside tobacco and lifestyle alternation from endophytes to free-living rhizobia on leaves. J Microbiol Biotechnol 20:238–244
Keith LM, Velasquez ME, Zee FT (2006) Identification and characterization of Pestalotiopsis spp. causing scab disease of guava, Psidium guajava, in Hawaii. Plant Dis 90:16–23
Kerff F, Amoroso A, Herman R, Sauvage E, Petrella S, Filée P, Charlier P, Joris B, Tabuchi A, Nikolaidis N, Cosgrove DJ (2008) Crystal structure and activity of Bacillus subtilis YoaJ (EXLX1), a bacterial expansin that promotes root colonization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:16876–16881
Kishore GK, Podile AR (2005) Biological control of late leaf spot of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) with chitinolytic bacteria. Phytopathology 95:1157–1165
Kloepper JW, Ryu CM, Zhang S (2004) Induced systemic resistance and promotion of plant growth by Bacillus spp. Phytopathology 94:1259–1266
Kobayashi DY, Reedy RM, Bick J, Oudemans PV (2002) Characterization of a chitinase gene from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain 34S1 and its involvement in biological control. Appl Environ Microbiol 68(3):1047–1054
Koh S, Hik DS (2007) Herbivory mediate grass-endophyte relationships. Ecology 88:2752–2757
Kokalis-Burelle N, Backman PA, Rodríguez-Kábana R, Ploper LD (1992) Potential for biological control of early leafspot of peanut using Bacillus cereus and chitin as foliar amendments. Biol Control 2:321–328
Krauss U, Soberanis W (2001) Biocontrol of cocoa pod diseases with mycoparasite mixtures. Biol Control 22:149–158
Lacava PT, Araújo WL, Marcon J, Maccheroni W, Azevedo JL (2004) Interaction between endophytic bacteria from citrus plants and the phytopathogenic bacteria Xylella fastidiosa, causal agent of citrus-variegated chlorosis. Lett Appl Microbiol 39:55–59
Lacava PT, Li WB, Araújo WL, Azevedo JL, Hartung JS (2006) Rapid, specific and quantitative assays for the detection of the endophytic bacterium Methylobacterium mesophilicum in plants. J Microbiol Methods 65:535–541
Lacava P, Li W, Araújo W, Azevedo J, Hartung J (2007a) The endophyte Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens reduces symptoms caused by Xylella fastidiosa in Catharanthus roseus. J Microbiol 45:388–393
Lacava PT, Araújo WL, Azevedo JL (2007b) Evaluation of endophytic colonization of Citrus sinensis and Catharanthus roseus seedlings by endophytic bacteria. J Microbiol 45:11–14
Lacava PT, Silva-Stenico ME, Araújo WL, Simionato AVC, Carrilho E, Tsai SM, Azevedo JL (2008) Detection of siderophores in endophytic bacteria Methylobacterium spp. associated with Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca. Pesquisa Agro Bras 43:521–528
Lamb TG, Tonkyn DW, Kluepfel DA (1996) Movement of Pseudomonas aureofaciens from the rhizosphere to aerial plant tissue. Can J Microbiol 42:1112–1120
Lambais MR, Crowley DE, Cury JC, Büll RC, Rodrigues RR (2006) Bacterial diversity in tree canopies of the Atlantic forest. Science 312:1917
Landgraf FA, Zehr EI (1982) Inoculum sources for Monilinia fructicola in South Carolina peach orchards. Phytopathology 72:185–190
Li H, Barbetti MJ, Sivasithamparam K (2006) Concomitant inoculation of an avirulent strain of Leptosphaeria maculans prevent break-down of single dominant gene-based resistance in Brassica napus cv. Surpass 400 by virluent strain. Field Crops Res 95:206–211
Lindow SE, McGourty GM, Elkins R (1996) Interaction of antibiotics with Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 in the control of fire blight and frost injury to pear. Phytopathology 86:841–848
Madmony A, Chernin L, Pleban S, Peleg E, Riov J (2005) Enterobacter cloacae; an obligatory endophyte of pollen grains of Mediterranean pines. Folia Microbiol 50:209–216
Malinowski DP, Alloush GA, Belesky DP (2000) Leaf endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum modified mineral uptake in tall fescue. Plant Soil 227:115–126
Manter D, Delgado J, Holm D, Stong R (2010) Pyrosequencing reveals a highly diverse and cultivar-specific bacterial endophyte community in potato roots. Microb Ecol 60:157–166
Martinez-Godoy MA, Mauri N, Juarez J, Marques MC, Santiago J, Forment J, Gadea J (2008) A genome-wide 20 K citrus microarray for gene expression analysis. BMC Genomics 9:318
McInroy JA, Kloepper JW (1995) Survey of indigenous bacterial endophytes form cotton and sweet corn. Plant Soil 173:337–343
McSpadden-Gardener BB (2002) Biological control of plant pathogens: research, commercialization, and application in the USA. APSnet Feature (Online)
Meinhardt L, Rincones J, Bailey B, Aime M, Griffith G, Zhang D, Pereira G (2008) Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of witches’ broom disease of cacao: what’s new from this old foe? Mol Plant Pathol 9:577–588
Melnick RL, Zidack NK, Bailey BA, Maximova SN, Guiltinan M, Backman PA (2008) Bacterial endophytes: Bacillus spp. from annual crops as potential biological control agents of black pod rot of cacao. Biol Control 46:46–56
Melnick RL, Backman PA, Solis K, Vera DI, Suarez C (2009) Field evaluation of four endophytic Bacillus spp. with five cacao varieties for management of witches’ broom. Plant Dis Manage Rep 3:V146. doi:110.1094/PDMR1003
Melnick RL, Suárez C, Bailey BA, Backman PA (2011) Isolation of endophytic endospore-forming bacteria from Theobroma cacao as potential biological control agents of cacao diseases. Biol Control 57:236–245
Mocali S, Bertelli E, Di Cello F, Mengoni A, Sfalanga A, Viliani F, Caciotti A, Tegli S, Surico G, Fani R (2003) Fluctuation of bacteria isolated from elm tissues during different seasons and from different plant organs. Res Microbiol 154:105–114
Monot C, Pajot E, Le Corre D, Silue D (2002) Induction of systemic resistance in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) against downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica) by avirulent isolates. Biol Control 24:75–81
Mundt JO, Hinkle NF (1976) Bacteria within ovules and seeds. Appl Environ Microbiol 32:694–698
Nichols R (1961) Xylem occlusions in the fruit of cacao (Theobroma cacao) and their relation to cherelle wilt. Ann Bot 25:465–475
Nilsson M, Renberg I (1990) Viable endospores of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris in lake sediments as indicators of agricultural history. Appl Environ Microbiol 56:2025–2028
Ochoa JB, Yangari B, Galarza V, Fiallos J, Ellis MA (2001) Vascular wilt of common naranjilla (Solanum quitoense) caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Ecuador. Plant Health Prog. doi:10.1094/PHP-2001-0918-01-HN
Osburn RM, Milner JL, Oplinger ES, Smith RS, Handelsman J (1995) Effect of Bacillus cereus UW85 in the yield of soybean at two field sites in Wisconsin. Plant Dis 79:551–556
Pace NR (1997) A molecular view of microbial diversity and the biosphere. Science 276:734–740
Pavlo A, Leonid O, Iryna Z, Natalia K, Maria PA (2011) Endophytic bacteria enhancing growth and disease resistance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Biol Control 56:43–49
Pearson RC, Gadoury DM (1987) Cleistothecia, the source of primary inoculum for rgape powdery mildew in New York. Phytopathology 77:1509–1514
Pieterse CM, van Wees SCM, Hofflan E, van Pelta JA, van Loon LC (1996) Systemic resistance in Arabidopsis induced by biocontrol bacteria is independent of salicyclic acid accumulation and pathogenesis-related gene expression. Plant Cell 8:1225–1237
Pieterse CM, van Wees SCM, van Pelta JA, Knoester M, Laan R, Gerrits H, Weisebeek PJ, van Loon LC (1998) A novel signaling pathway controlling induced systemic resistance in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 10:1571–1580
Pleban S, Chernin L, Chet I (1997) Chitinolytic activity of an endophytic strain of Bacillus cereus. Lett Appl Microbiol 25:284–288
Poleatewich AM, Ngugi HK, Backman PA (2011) Assessment of application timing of Bacillus spp. to suppress pre- and postharvest diseases of apple. Plant Dis 96:211–220
Posada F, Vega FE (2005) Establishment of the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) as an endophyte in cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao). Mycologia 97:1195–1200
Rao DPC, Agrawal SC, Saksena SB (1976) Phomopsis destructum on Psidium guajava fruits in India. Mycologia 68:1132–1134
Rasche F, Trondl R, Naglreiter C, Reichenauer TG, Sessitsch A (2006) Chilling and cultivar type affect the diversity of bacterial endophytes colonizing sweet pepper (Capsicum anuum L.). Can J Microbiol 52:1036–1045
Reader JS, Ordoukhanian PT, Kim J-G, de Crecy-Lagard V, Hwang I, Farrand S, Schimmel P (2005) Major biocontrol of plant tumors targets tRNA synthetase. Science 309:1533
Roberto SR, Coutinho A, Lima JEO, Miranda VS, Carlos EF (1996) Transmissão de Xylella fastidiosa pelas cigarrinhas Dilobopterus costalimai, Acrogonia terminalis e Oncometopia facialis em citros. Fitopatol Brasi 21:517–518
Roossinck MJ (2011) The good viruses: viral mutualistic symbioses. Nat Rev Microbiol 9:99–108
Rosenblueth M, Martínez-Romero E (2006) Bacterial endophytes and their interactions with hosts. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 19:827–837
Ryan RP, Germaine K, Franks A, Ryan DJ, Dowling DN (2008) Bacterial endophytes: recent developments and applications. FEMS Microbiol Lett 278:1–9
Sabaratnam S, Beattie GA (2003) Differences between Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a and Pantoea agglomerans BRT98 in epiphytic and endophytic colonization of leaves. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:1220–1228
Sagaram US, DeAngelis KM, Trivedi P, Andersen GL, Lu S-E, Wang N (2009) Bacterial diversity analysis of Huanglongbing pathogen-infected citrus, using PhyloChip arrays and 16S rRNA gene clone library sequencing. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:1566–1574
Schaad NW, Frederick RD (2002) Real-time PCR and its application for rapid plant disease diagnostics. Can J Plant Pathol 24:250–258
Sessitsch A, Reiter B, Pfeifer U, Wilhelm E (2002) Cultivation-independent population analysis of bacterial endophytes in three potato varieties based on eubacterial and Actinomycetes-specific PCR of 16S rRNA genes. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 39:23–32
Stein T (2005) Bacillus subtilis antibiotics: structures, synthesis, and specific functions. Mol Microbiol 56:845–857
Stockwell VO, Stack JP (2007) Using Pseudomonas spp. for integrated biological control. Phytopathology 97:244–249
Stoltzfus JR, So R, Malarvithi PP, Ladha JK, de Bruijn FJ (1997) Isolation of endophytic bacteria from rice and assessment of their potential for supplying rice with biologically fixed nitrogen. Plant Soil 194:25–36
Sturz AV, Christie BR, Matheson BG, Nowak J (1997) Biodiversity of endophytic bacteria which colonize red clover nodules, roots, stems and foliage and their influence on host growth. Biol Fertil Soil 25:13–19
Sugawara K, Ohkubo H, Yamashita M, Mikoshiba Y (2004) Flowers for Neotyphodium; endophytes detection: a new observation method using flowers of host grasses. Mycoscience 45:222–226
Surette MA, Sturz AV, Lada RR, Nowak J (2003) Bacterial endophytes in processing carrots (Daucus carota L. var. sativus): their localization, population density, biodiversity, and their effects on plant growth. Plant Soil 253:381–390
Taghavi S, Garafola C, Monchy S, Newman L, Hoffman A, Weyens N, Barac T, Vangronsveld J, van der Lelie D (2009) Genome survey and characterization of endophytic bacteria exhibiting a beneficial effect on growth and development of poplar trees. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:748–757
Tellenbach C, Grünig CR, Sieber TN (2010) Suitability of quantitative real-time PCR To estimate the biomass of fungal root endophytes. Appl Environ Microbiol 76:5764–5772
Toharisman A, Suhartono MT, Spindler-Barth M, Hwang J-K, Pyun Y-R (2005) Purification and characterization of a thermostable chitinase from Bacillus licheniformis Mb-2. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2:733–738
Turner JT, Backman PA (1991) Factors relating to peanut yield increases after seed treatment with Bacillus subtilis. Plant Dis 75:347–353
Ulrich K, Ulrich A, Ewald D (2008) Diversity of endophytic bacterial communities in poplar grown under field conditions. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 63:169–180
van Hulten M, Pelser M, van Loon LC, Pieterse CM, Ton J (2006) Costs and benefits of priming for defense in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:5602–5607
van Wees SCM, Luijendijk M, Smoorenburg I, van Loon LC, Pierterse CMJ (1999) Rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR) in Arabidopsis is not associated with a direct effect on expression of known defense-related genes but stimulated the expression of the jasmonate-inducible gene Atvsp upon challenge. Plant Mol Biol 41:537–549
Vega FE, Pava-Ripoll M, Posada F, Buyer JS (2005) Endophytic bacteria in Coffea arabica L. J Basic Microbiol 45:371–380
Verhagen BWM, Jane G, Zhu T, Chang H-S, van Loon LC, Pieterse CM (2004) The transctiptome rhizobacteria-induced systemic resistance in Arabidopsis. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 17:895–908
Waters DLE, Holton TA, Ablett EM, Lee LS, Henry RJ (2005) cDNA microarray analysis of developing grape (Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz) berry skin. Funct Integr Genomics 5:40–58
Weinert N, Piceno Y, Ding G-C, Meincke R, Heuer H, Berg G, Schloter M, Andersen G, Smalla K (2011) PhyloChip hybridization uncovered an enormous bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of different potato cultivars: many common and few cultivar-dependent taxa. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 75:497–506
West ER, Cother EJ, Steel CC, Ash GJ (2010) The characterization and diversity of bacterial endophytes of grapevine. Can J Microbiol 56:209–216
Wilhelm E, Arthofer W, Schafleitner R, Krebs B (1998) Bacillus subtilis and endophyte of chestnut (Castanea sativa) as antagonist against chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica). Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 52:105–108
Wilson M, Lindow SE (1993) Interactions between the biological control agent Pseudomonas fluorescense A506 and Erwinia amylovora in pear blossoms. Acta Hortic 338:329–330
Wilson M, Epton HAS, Sigee DC (1992) Interactions between Erwinia herbicola and E. amylovora on the stigma of hawthorn blossoms. Phytopathology 82:914
Zavilgelsky GB, Abilev SK, Sukhodolets VV, Ahmad SI (1998) Isolation and analysis of UV and radio-resistant bacteria from Chernobyl. Photochem Photobiol B 15:152–157
Zehnder GW, Murphy JF, Sikora EJ, Kloepper JW (2001) Application of rhizobacteria for induced resistance. Eur J Plant Pathol 107:39–50
Zeriouh H, Romero D, García-Gutiérrez L, Cazorla FM, de Vicente A, Pérez-García A (2011) The iturin-like lipopeptides are essential components in the biological control arsenal of Bacillus subtilis against bacterial diseases of cucurbits. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 24:1540–1552
Acknowledgments
This work presented in this chapter was supported in part by USAID’s IPM-CRSP and SANREM-CRSP and the USDA Agricultural Research Service. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Melnick, R.L., Bailey, B.A., Backman, P.A. (2013). Bacterial Endophytes of Perennial Crops for Management of Plant Disease. In: Maheshwari, D. (eds) Bacteria in Agrobiology: Disease Management. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33639-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33639-3_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-33638-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-33639-3
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)