Recognition of Foreign Judgments

Carmon, Haggai

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-32003-3_8

Recognition of Foreign Judgments

Haggai Carmon^2,3

Chapter
First Online: 12 October 2012

532 Accesses

Abstract

The prefatory notes attached to the bill for the Foreign Judgments Recognition and Enforcement Law, 5717-1956 state, inter alia, that the situation in which “the rules for the recognition of foreign judgments current in Israel are drawn from English common law” is unsatisfactory, and should be changed by means of the proposed law. However, the Enforcement Law, as passed by the Knesset in 1958, did not include the option of direct recognition of foreign judgments. Aside from enforcement, the law allowed only incidental recognition. In C.A. 423/63 Rosenbaum v. Goli the Supreme Court discussed the intent of the Enforcement Law’s original Article 11:

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Notes

1.
Draft Bill to Foreign Judgments Recognition and Enforcement Law 5717-1956 (No. 285), 1957, H.H. 105.
2.
P.D. 18(2) 374 (1964).
3.
Id. at 379.
4.
P.D. 19(1) 645 (1965).
5.
Id. at 650.
6.
P.D. 38(2) 99 (1984).
7.
Id. at 105. In these circumstances, Deputy Chief Justice Ben Porat noted that in the Law itself, as legislated by the Knesset, the issue of recognition was abandoned, and only enforcement was addressed.
8.
Menashe Shawa, Direct Recognition of Judgments in Israel, and Applicable Rules Kiryat Hamishpat 2 35, 37 (2002). See also Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 513-514.
9.
C.A. 490/88 Coptic Metropolitan of the Holy Archdiocese of Jerusalem and the Near East v. Adillah, et al., P.D. 44(4) 397 (1990).
10.
Supra n. 44 at 12.
11.
P.D. 58(3) 1 (2004).
12.
Id. at 24.
13.
Manheim, Direct Recognition of Foreign Judgments under the Law Iyunei Mishpat 7 703, 704 (1980).
14.
Draft Bill to Foreign Judgments Enforcement Law (Amendment 2) 5737-1977 (No. 1302), 1977, H.H., 246.
15.
Manheim, supra n. 344 at 705.
16.
Nevo, Mar. 31, 2008.
17.
C.A. 4525/08 New Hampshire Insurance Co. v. Oil Refineries Ltd. (Nevo, Dec. 15, 2010) (hereinafter: New Hampshire).
18.
Id. at §2 of Deputy Chief Justice Rivlin’s judgment.
19.
Id. at §30 of Justice Arbel’s judgment.
20.
Id. at §31 of Justice Arbel’s judgment.
21.
Id. at §3 of Deputy Chief Justice Rivlin’s judgment.
22.
Id. at §6 of Deputy Chief Justice Rivlin’s judgment.
23.
Id. at §8 of Deputy Chief Justice Rivlin’s judgment.
24.
Id. at §5 of Justice Rubenstein’s judgment.
25.
Id. at §10 of Justice Rubenstein’s judgment.
26.
C.A. 970/93 Attorney General of Israel v. Agam, P.D. 49(1) 561 (1995).
27.
Id. at 568.
28.
Menashe Shawa, Direct Recognition of Judgments in Israel, and Applicable Rules, supra n. 339, at 44.
29.
In reference to the judgment in Agam (supra n. 15).
30.
That is, the Foreign Judgment Enforcement Law (Amendment 2), 5739-1977, which added Article 11(a), addressing direct recognition of foreign judgments, to the Law.
31.
Menashe Shawa, Direct Recognition of Judgments in Israel, and Applicable Rules, supra n. at 47-49.
32.
Manheim, Direct Recognition of Foreign Judgments under the Law.
33.
Id. at 708-709.
34.
Foreign Judgments Enforcement Law (Amendment 2), 5738-1977.
35.
Manheim, Direct Recognition of Foreign Judgments under the Law, supra n. at 709.
36.
Nevo (May 28, 2000).
37.
The District Court subsequently ruled similarly in Bnk. (T.A.) 2193/08 First International Bank of Israel Ltd. v. Gold & Honey (1995) L.P. et al. (Nevo, Oct. 30, 2008).
38.
Supra n. 13.
39.
Id. at 14.
40.
Id.
41.
Id. at 24.
42.
Id. at 26.
43.
Comity of nations, the courtesy that nations should extend to each other. Nations should respect one another, and therefore, each should grant validity to the judgments rendered by the others’ courts (when some basic conditions are met). See the comments of Justice Cheshin in C.A. 970/93 Attorney General of Israel v. Agam, P.D. 49(1) 561, 570 (1995).
44.
Bnk. (Jm.) 6403-09 Levin v. Levin, et al. (Nevo, Jan. 2, 2011).
45.
Id. at 7.
46.
Id. at 9.
47.
Id.
48.
Id.
49.
See: D.C.C. (T.A.) 408/00 Tower Air Inc. v. Companies Registrar, supra n. 25; C.A. 970/93 Attorney General of Israel v. Agam, supra n. 15; C.A. 3441/01 John Doe v. Jane Doe, supra n. 13; C.A. 4525/08 Oil Refineries Ltd. v. New Hampshire Insurance Co., supra n. 35; see also: Shawa, Direct Recognition of Judgments in Israel and Applicable Rules, supra n. 17; Adi Chen, Registration and Recognition of Foreign Divorce Judgments, Sefer Menashe Shawa 593 (Aharon Barak and Daniel Friedman, eds., 2006).
50.
Supra n. 44 at 12.
51.
P.D. 33(1) 293 (1979).
52.
P.D. 38(2) 99 (1984).
53.
C.A. 970/93 Attorney General of Israel v. Agam, P.D. 49(1) 561 (1995).
54.
Nevo (Oct. 9, 2003).
55.
Id. at §11-13.
56.
Nevo (Dec. 27, 2009).
57.
Id. at 8-9.
58.
Id. at §27. An appeal of the District Court’s decision was denied (C.A. 3294/08 Goldhar Corporate Finance Ltd. v. Klepierre SA et al., Nevo, Sep. 6, 2010).
59.
Nevo (Dec. 4, 2011).
60.
Id. at 12.
61.
Supra n. 51.
62.
Supra n. 52.
63.
Id. at 104.
64.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 513. This article was written prior to the legislation of the Foundations of Law.
65.
Subsection (4) of the definition of “Law”.
66.
Supra n. 52.
67.
Id. at 105.
68.
P.M. 1984 (2) 10 (1986).
69.
P.D. 44(4) 397 (1990).
70.
Draft Bill to Foreign Judgments Recognition and Enforcement Law 5717-1956 (No. 285), 1957, H.H., 105.
71.
Supra n. 44.
72.
Id. at §20.
73.
Id. at §39.
74.
United Nations Committee on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency
75.
Id. at §40.
76.
Nevo (Dec. 4, 2011).
77.
D.C.C. (Jm.) 3119/09 Lavi Industrial and Medical Agencies Ltd. v. Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals Inc., §17-18.
78.
Supra n. 52.
79.
Supra n. 52.
80.
Shapira, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 38, 40.
81.
Supra n. 51.
82.
P.D. 41(3) 227 (1987).
83.
Supra n. 64.
84.
Id. at 410.
85.
Nevo (Oct. 9, 2003).
86.
Id. at §14.
87.
Supra n. 13.
88.
The Foreign Judgments Enforcement Law (Amendment 2), 5738-1977, which added Article 11(a) to the Law regarding the direct recognition of foreign judgments; See also Menashe Shawa, Direct Recognition of Judgments in Israel, and Applicable Rules, supra n. 17 at 42.
89.
White v. Verkouille [1990] 2 Qd R 191.

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Carmon & Carmon, Tel Aviv, Israel
Haggai Carmon
Carmon & Carmon, New York, USA
Haggai Carmon

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Carmon, H. (2013). Recognition of Foreign Judgments. In: Foreign Judgments in Israel. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32003-3_8

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32003-3_8
Published: 12 October 2012
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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