Abstract
Two modern programs for MDS are described: Proxscal, an Spss module, and Smacof, an R-package. Commands and/or GUI menus are presented and illustrated with practical applications.
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- 1.
For unfolding, we recommend a specialized program, called Prefscal, which is also a module of Spss.
- 2.
Note that Proxscal has two default presets: (1) If the proximities are dissimilarities, then ratio MDS is the default transformation; for similarities, interval MDS is the default. (2) For ordinal MDS, the secondary approach to ties (Keepties) is preset. Most other MDS programs (like Systat, MdsX, or Statistica) use ordinal MDS with the primary approach to ties as their default MDS model.
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- 4.
For Windows user it is important to note that R always requires forward slashes when quoting a path.
- 5.
The data do not need to be stored as an object of class dist. They can also be provided as a symmetric matrix, alternatively.
- 6.
Note that Smacof reports squared Stress-1 values. So, Nonmetric stress: 0.0349866 is actually equal to \({\it{Stress-1}} = 0.187\).
- 7.
Note that Smacof reports squared Stress-1 values. So, Metric stress: 0.03265856 is actually equal to \(Stress-1 = 0.181\).
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Borg, I., Groenen, P.J., Mair, P. (2013). Computer Programs for MDS. In: Applied Multidimensional Scaling. SpringerBriefs in Statistics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31848-1_9
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