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Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus pp 69–104Cite as

Epidemiology and Distribution of Peste des Petits Ruminants

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Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Animal Sciences ((BRIEFSANIMAL))

Abstract

Phylogenetically, based on the fusion (F) and nucleocapsid (N) genes, peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) can be classified into four distinct lineages. PPRV belonging to lineages I and II are exclusively isolated from the countries in West Africa where PPRV originated. Lineage III is restricted to the Middle East and East Africa. Lineage IV is considered to be a new lineage comp rising newly emerging viruses, and is currently most prevalent in Asian countries and becoming overwhelmed lineage in Africa. It is not clear whether the apparent geographic spread of the disease in the last 50 years is real, or whether it reflects increased awareness, wider availability of diagnostic tools or even a change in the nature of the virus. It seems most likely that a combination of factors contribute to the current epidemiologic pattern of the disease. Confusion of PPR with pneumonic pasteurellosis and other pneumonic diseases of small ruminants has delayed its recognition in some countries. Nevertheless, the proper understanding of the lineage distribution in a specified region is essential when choosing the appropriate homologous prototype stain for vaccine production to ensure efficient immunization. Continued application of heterologous vaccine candidates hitherto not prevalent may lead to generation of novel lineages, or allow the existing population to evade protection, especially for RNA viruses. Therefore, identification of the lineage is a prerequisite for fruitful diagnosis, epidemiology and control. The current known disease distribution of PPRV is discussed comprehensively in this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Ulls väg 2B, 75189, Uppsala, Sweden

    Muhammad Munir & Mikael Berg

  2. Joint Research and Development Unit for Virology of SVA and SLU, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Ulls väg 2B, 75189, Uppsala, Sweden

    Siamak Zohari

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  1. Muhammad Munir
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  2. Siamak Zohari
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Munir, M., Zohari, S., Berg, M. (2013). Epidemiology and Distribution of Peste des Petits Ruminants. In: Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus. SpringerBriefs in Animal Sciences. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31451-3_5

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