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The Politics of Military Reform in Indonesia and Nigeria

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Book cover The Politics of Military Reform

Part of the book series: Global Power Shift ((GLOBAL))

Abstract

The end of the Cold War seemed to dramatically enhance the opportunities for the global expansion of democracy. By the early 1990s, many former allies of the Soviet Union had embarked on fundamental political and economic reforms and Western countries had ended their support of authoritarian regimes in the name of anti-communism. At the same time, Western governments had initiated democracy promotion programs, as did international organizations and transnational civil society advocacy networks (Carothers, 1999; Jetschke, 2010; Schraeder, 2002).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Cases in point are Pakistan and Ivory Cost (1999), Ecuador (2000), Central African Republic (2002), Sao Tomé and Principe and Guinea-Bissao (2003), Haiti (2004), Ecuador, Togo, Nepal, Mauretania (2005), Thailand and Fiji (2006), Guinea (2008), Honduras (2009), Niger (2010). See Antony Adolf, Military Coups Make Comeback, http://news.change.org/stories/military-coups-make-a-comeback (accessed 18 October 2011).

  2. 2.

    However, with 88% of the population compared to only about 10% for Christianity, Islam is clearly the dominant religion in Indonesia. In Nigeria, Islam (51%) and Christianity (48%) have an almost equal share of the population.

  3. 3.

    This raises the question whether there is a constructivist scholarship on civil-military relations at all. Alexandre Lambert recently responded to this question by stating that “it is too early to assert that there has been a “constructivist turn” in civil-military relations” (Lambert, 2011, p. 163). Yet, moves in this direction are underway. For an example, see Rüland and Manea (2011).

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  1. Department of Political Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

    Jürgen Rüland & Maria-Gabriela Manea

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  1. Jürgen Rüland
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  1. Department of Political Science, University of Freiburg, Rempartstraße 15, Freiburg, 79085, Germany

    Jürgen Rüland

  2. Department of Political Science, University of Freiburg, Rempartstraße 15, Freiburg, 79085, Germany

    Maria-Gabriela Manea

  3. Armed Forces (DCAF), Centre for the Democratic Control of, Rue de Chantepoulet 11, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland

    Hans Born

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Rüland, J., Manea, MG. (2013). The Politics of Military Reform in Indonesia and Nigeria. In: Rüland, J., Manea, MG., Born, H. (eds) The Politics of Military Reform. Global Power Shift. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29624-6_1

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