Skip to main content

Introduction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 1186 Accesses

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems ((LNE,volume 659))

Abstract

The population of an urban area may be in danger due to natural or man-made disasters like floods, hurricanes, chemical or nuclear accidents. This requires decisions to protect health and lives of the affected population. A measure to protect the population may be the evacuation of the affected area. Congested urban areas have usually complex street networks that are composed of many intersections with streets which connect them. There are various types of intersections and the streets consist of differing numbers of lanes. The population density of a congested urban area is usually high and the street network is already used to capacity during rush hour traffic. The basic idea is to reorganize the traffic routing of an urban area for the case of an emergency mass evacuation such that aspects of the evacuation like safety, avoidance of delays and/or the total system travel time are taken into account. In this work, the reorganization of the traffic routing will be modeled and solved with tools of mathematical programming.

Keywords

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Baumann N, Skutella M (2006) Solving evacuation problems efficiently–earliest arrival flows with multiple sources. In: 47th annual IEEE symposium on foundations of computer science (FOCS’06), p 399–410

    Google Scholar 

  • Bullock JA, Haddow G, Coppola DP, Yeletaysi S (2008) Introduction to Homeland security: principles of all-hazards response, 3rd edn. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Bumgarner JB (2008) Emergency management: a reference handbook. ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • Chalmet LG, Francis RL, Saunders PB (1982) Network models for building evacuation. Manag Sci 28(1):86–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Cova TJ, Johnson JP (2002) Microsimulation of neighborhood evacuations in the urban-wildland interface. Environ Plann A 34:2211–2229

    Google Scholar 

  • DHS (2004) National response plan. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • DHS (2008) Mass evacuation incident annex, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nrf/nrf_massevacuationincidentannex.pdf. Accessed 19 Oct 2010

  • FEMA (1996) Guide for all-hazard emergency operations planning, Federal Emergency Management Agency, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford LR Jr, Fulkerson DR (1958) Constructing maximal dynamic flows from static flows. Oper Res 6(3):419–433

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamacher H, Tjandra S (2001) Mathematical modeling of evacuation problems: a state of art. Berichte des Frauenhofer ITWM, Nr. 24. http://www.itwm.fraunhofer.de/fileadmin/ITWM-Media/Zentral/Pdf/Berichte_ITWM/2001/bericht24.pdf. Accessed 18 Oct 2006

  • Hamacher HW, Tufekci S (1987) On the use of lexicographic min cost flows in evacuation modeling. Nav Res Logist 34:487–503

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobeika A, Kim C (1998) Comparison of traffic assignments in evacuation modeling. IEEE Trans Eng Manag 45(72):192–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoppe B, Tardos E (1994) Polynomial time algorithms for some evacuation problems. In: Proceedings of the fifth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on discrete algorithms 1994, p 433–441, Arlington, VA, 1994

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller G (1998) Kritierien für Evakuierungsempfehlungen bei Chemikalienfreisetzungen, Bundesamt für Zivilschutz, Zivilschutz-Forschung, Band 32, Bonn

    Google Scholar 

  • Peeta S, Kalafatas G (2008) Primary emergency routes for transportation security. Joint transportation research program, Paper 323. http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/jtrp/323

  • Rao VT, Rengaraju VR (1997) Probabilistic model for conflicts at urban uncontrolled intersection. J Transport Eng 123(1):81–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Regnier E (2008) Public evacuation decisions and hurricane track uncertainty. Manag Sci 54(1):16–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichert D (2002) Evakuierung und Unterbringung, Rescue 2002, Fachkongress für interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit im Rettungwesen und in der Gefahrenabwehr. http://www.landkreis-dillingen.de/lra/kats/evakuierung.pdf. Accessed 18 Oct 2010

  • Sheffi Y, Mahmassani H, Powell WB (1982) A transportation network evacuation model. Transport Res A 16(3):209–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Southworth F (1991) Regional evacuation modeling: a state-of-the-art review, Oak Ridge National Laboratory ORNL-11740, Tennessee, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Urbina E, Wolshon B (2003) National review of hurricane evacuation plans and policies: a comparison and contrast of state practices. Transport Res A Pol Pract 37:257–275

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolshon B (2001) “One-way-out”: contraflow freeway operation for hurricane evacuation. Nat Hazards Rev 2(3):105–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolshon B, McArdle B (2009) Temporospatial analysis of hurricane katrina regional evacuation traffic patterns. J Infrastruct Syst 15(1):12–20

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bretschneider, S. (2012). Introduction. In: Mathematical Models for Evacuation Planning in Urban Areas. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, vol 659. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28759-6_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics