Abstract
The population of an urban area may be in danger due to natural or man-made disasters like floods, hurricanes, chemical or nuclear accidents. This requires decisions to protect health and lives of the affected population. A measure to protect the population may be the evacuation of the affected area. Congested urban areas have usually complex street networks that are composed of many intersections with streets which connect them. There are various types of intersections and the streets consist of differing numbers of lanes. The population density of a congested urban area is usually high and the street network is already used to capacity during rush hour traffic. The basic idea is to reorganize the traffic routing of an urban area for the case of an emergency mass evacuation such that aspects of the evacuation like safety, avoidance of delays and/or the total system travel time are taken into account. In this work, the reorganization of the traffic routing will be modeled and solved with tools of mathematical programming.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Baumann N, Skutella M (2006) Solving evacuation problems efficiently–earliest arrival flows with multiple sources. In: 47th annual IEEE symposium on foundations of computer science (FOCS’06), p 399–410
Bullock JA, Haddow G, Coppola DP, Yeletaysi S (2008) Introduction to Homeland security: principles of all-hazards response, 3rd edn. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford
Bumgarner JB (2008) Emergency management: a reference handbook. ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, CA
Chalmet LG, Francis RL, Saunders PB (1982) Network models for building evacuation. Manag Sci 28(1):86–105
Cova TJ, Johnson JP (2002) Microsimulation of neighborhood evacuations in the urban-wildland interface. Environ Plann A 34:2211–2229
DHS (2004) National response plan. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, USA
DHS (2008) Mass evacuation incident annex, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nrf/nrf_massevacuationincidentannex.pdf. Accessed 19 Oct 2010
FEMA (1996) Guide for all-hazard emergency operations planning, Federal Emergency Management Agency, USA
Ford LR Jr, Fulkerson DR (1958) Constructing maximal dynamic flows from static flows. Oper Res 6(3):419–433
Hamacher H, Tjandra S (2001) Mathematical modeling of evacuation problems: a state of art. Berichte des Frauenhofer ITWM, Nr. 24. http://www.itwm.fraunhofer.de/fileadmin/ITWM-Media/Zentral/Pdf/Berichte_ITWM/2001/bericht24.pdf. Accessed 18 Oct 2006
Hamacher HW, Tufekci S (1987) On the use of lexicographic min cost flows in evacuation modeling. Nav Res Logist 34:487–503
Hobeika A, Kim C (1998) Comparison of traffic assignments in evacuation modeling. IEEE Trans Eng Manag 45(72):192–198
Hoppe B, Tardos E (1994) Polynomial time algorithms for some evacuation problems. In: Proceedings of the fifth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on discrete algorithms 1994, p 433–441, Arlington, VA, 1994
Müller G (1998) Kritierien für Evakuierungsempfehlungen bei Chemikalienfreisetzungen, Bundesamt für Zivilschutz, Zivilschutz-Forschung, Band 32, Bonn
Peeta S, Kalafatas G (2008) Primary emergency routes for transportation security. Joint transportation research program, Paper 323. http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/jtrp/323
Rao VT, Rengaraju VR (1997) Probabilistic model for conflicts at urban uncontrolled intersection. J Transport Eng 123(1):81–84
Regnier E (2008) Public evacuation decisions and hurricane track uncertainty. Manag Sci 54(1):16–28
Reichert D (2002) Evakuierung und Unterbringung, Rescue 2002, Fachkongress für interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit im Rettungwesen und in der Gefahrenabwehr. http://www.landkreis-dillingen.de/lra/kats/evakuierung.pdf. Accessed 18 Oct 2010
Sheffi Y, Mahmassani H, Powell WB (1982) A transportation network evacuation model. Transport Res A 16(3):209–218
Southworth F (1991) Regional evacuation modeling: a state-of-the-art review, Oak Ridge National Laboratory ORNL-11740, Tennessee, 1991
Urbina E, Wolshon B (2003) National review of hurricane evacuation plans and policies: a comparison and contrast of state practices. Transport Res A Pol Pract 37:257–275
Wolshon B (2001) “One-way-out”: contraflow freeway operation for hurricane evacuation. Nat Hazards Rev 2(3):105–112
Wolshon B, McArdle B (2009) Temporospatial analysis of hurricane katrina regional evacuation traffic patterns. J Infrastruct Syst 15(1):12–20
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bretschneider, S. (2012). Introduction. In: Mathematical Models for Evacuation Planning in Urban Areas. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, vol 659. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28759-6_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28759-6_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-28758-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-28759-6
eBook Packages: Business and EconomicsBusiness and Management (R0)