Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Southern Ocean Evolution in a Global Context: A Molecular Viewpoint

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Adaptation and Evolution in Marine Environments, Volume 2

Part of the book series: From Pole to Pole ((POLE))

Abstract

Molecular data can be used to pinpoint both contemporary and historical forces acting on biota but until recently such data have been largely obtained only from vertebrates, such as penguins (Baker et al. 2006), fish (Kuhn and Gaffney 2006; Rogers et al. 2006), and seals (Curtis et al. 2009), whose mobile adult stages are less affected by the barriers imposed by abiotic forces than are invertebrates. Exceptions include research focused on commercially important pelagic taxa, primarily krill (Goodall-Copestake et al. 2010; Batta-Lona et al. 2011). The few early studies on benthic invertebrates indicated the potential use of molecular data in interpretation of Antarctic speciation and connectivity by providing evidence of limited gene flow (Allcock et al. 1997), endemic radiation (Held 2000), cryptic speciation (Held 2003) and historical connectivity between the Antarctic and other oceans (Lörz and Held 2004).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Allcock AL, Brierley AS, Thorpe JP, Rodhouse PG (1997) Restricted geneflow and evolutionary divergence between geographically separated populations of the Antarctic octopus Pareledone turqueti. Mar Biol 129:97–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allcock AL, Barratt I, Eléaume M, Linse K, Norman MD, Smith PJ, Steinke D, Stevens DW, Strugnell JM (2011) Cryptic speciation and the circumpolarity debate: a case study on endemic Southern Ocean octopuses using the COI barcode of life. Deep-Sea Res II 58:242–249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arango CP, Soler-Membrives A, Miller K (2011) Genetic differentiation in the circum—Antarctic sea spider Nymphon australe (Pycnogonida; Nymphonidae). Deep-Sea Res II 58:212–219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baird HP, Miller KJ, Stark JS (2011) Evidence of hidden biodiversity, ongoing speciation and diverse patterns of genetic structure in giant Antarctic amphipods. Mol Ecol 20:3439–3454

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker AJ, Pereira SL, Haddrath OP, Edge KA (2006) Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling. Proc R Soc B 273:11–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes DKA, Clarke A (2011) Antarctic marine biology. Current Biol R451–R457

    Google Scholar 

  • Batta-Lona PG, Bucklin A, Wiebe PH, Copley NJ, Patarnello T (2011) Population genetic variation of the Southern Ocean krill, Euphausia superba, in the Western Antarctic Peninsula region based on mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Deep-Sea Res II 58:1652–1661

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bortolotto E, Bucklin A, Mezzavilla M, Zane L, Patarnello T (2011) Gone with the currents: lack of genetic differentiation at the circum-continental scale in the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba. BMC Genet 12:32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brandão SN, Suger J, Schon I (2010) Circum antarctic distribution in Southern Ocean benthos? A genetic test using the genus Macroscapha (Crustacea, Ostracoda) as a model. Mol Phylogenet Evol 55:1055–1069

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brandt A, de Broyer C, de Mesel I, Elinsen KE, Gooday AJ, Hilbig B, Linse K, Thomson MRA, Tyler PA (2007a) The biodiversity of the deep Southern Ocean benthos. Phil Trans R Soc B 362:39–66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brandt A, Brökeland W, Choudhury M, Brix S, Kaiser S, Malyutina M (2007b) Deep-sea isopod biodiversity, abundance, and endemism in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean—results from the ANDEEP I-III expeditions. Deep-Sea Res II 54:1760–1775

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brey T, Dahm C, Gorny M, Klages M, Stiller M, Arntz WE (1996) Do Antarctic benthic invertebrates show an extended level of eurybathy? Antarctic Sci 8:3–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Browne WE, Haddock SHD, Martindale MQ (2007) Phylogenetic analysis of lineage relationships among hyperiid amphipods as revealed by examination of the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome oxidase I (COI). Int Comp Biol 47:815–830

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke A (2008) Antarctic marine benthic diversity: patterns and processes. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 366:48–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke A, Arntz WE (2006) An introduction to EASIZ (Ecology of the Antarctic Sea Ice Zone): an integrated programme of water column, benthos and bentho-pelagic coupling in the coastal environment of Antarctica. Deep-Sea Res II 53:803–814

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke A, Crame JA (2010) Evolutionary dynamics at high latitudes: speciation and extinction in polar marine faunas. Phil Trans R Soc B 365:3655–3666

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke A, Johnston N (2003) Antarctic marine benthic diversity. Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 41:47–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtis C, Stewart BS, Karl SA (2009) Pleistocene population expansions of Antarctic seals. Mol Ecol 18:2112–2121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darling KF, Wade CM (2008) The genetic diversity of planktic foraminifera and the global distribution of ribosomal RNA genotypes. Mar Micropaleontol 67:216–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darling KF, Kucera M, Pudsey CJ, Wade CM (2004) Molecular evidence links cryptic diversification in polar planktonic protests to Quaternary climate dynamics. Proc Nat Acad Sci 101:7657–7662

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeBroyer C, Danis B (2011) How many species in the Southern Ocean? Towards a dynamic inventory of the Antarctic marine species. Deep-Sea Res II 58:5–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dell RK (1972) Antarctic benthos. Adv Mar Biol 10:1–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diaz A, Féral JP, Saucède T, Poulin E (2011) Evolutionary pathways among shallow and deep-sea echinoids of the genus Sterechinus in the Southern Ocean. Deep-Sea Res II 58:205–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diekman B, Kuhn G, Gersonde G, Mackensen R (2004) Middle Eocene to early miocene environmental changes in the sub-Antarctic Southern ocean: evidence from biogenic and terrigenous patterns at ODP site 1090. Global Planet Change 40:295–313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • EPICA (2004) Eight glacial cycles from an Antarctic ice core. Nature 429:623–628

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser CI, Nikula R, Ruzzante DE, Waters JM (2010) Multigene phylogeny of the southern bull-kelp genus Durvillaea (Phaeophyceae: Fucales). Mol Phylogenet Evol 57:1301–1311

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Göbbeler K, Klussmann-Kolb A (2010) Out of Antarctica?—new insights into the phylogeny and biogeography of the Pleurobranchomorpha (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Mol Phylogenet Evol 55:996–1007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • González-Wevar CA, Nakano T, Cañete JI, Poulin E (2010) Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of Nacella (Patellogastropoda: Nacellidae) in the Southern Ocean. Mol Phylogenet Evol 56:115–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • González-Wevar CA, David B, Poulin E (2011) Phylogeography and demographic inference in Nacella (Patinigera) concinna (Strebel, 1908) in the western Antarctic Peninsula. Deep-Sea Res II 58:220–229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodall-Copestake WP, Perez-Espona S, Clark MS, Murphy EJ, Seear PJ, Tarling GA (2010) Swarms of diversity at the gene cox1 in Antarctic krill. Heredity 104:513–518

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths HJ, Barnes DKA, Linse K (2009) Towards a generalized biogeography of the Southern Ocean benthos. J Biogeog 36:162–177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Havermans C, Nagy ZT, Sonet G, De Broyer C, Martin P (2011) DNA barcoding reveals new insights into the diversity of Antarctic species of Orchomene sensu lato (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea). Deep-Sea Res II 58:230–241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heiemeyer D, Lavery S, Sewell MA (2010) Molecular species identification of Astrotoma agassizii from planktonic embryos: further evidence for a cryptic species complex. J Hered 101:775–779

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Held C (2000) Phylogeny and biogeography of serolid isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Serolidae) and the use of ribosomal expansion segments in molecular systematics. Mol Phylogenet Evol 15:165–178

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Held C (2001) No evidence for slow-down of molecular substitution rates at subzero temperatures in Antarctic serolid isopods Crustacea, Isopoda, Serolidae). Polar Biol 24:497–501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Held C (2003) Molecular evidence for cryptic speciation within the widespread Antarctic crustacean Ceratoserolis trilobitoides (Crustacea, Isopoda). In: Huiskes AHL, Gieskes WWC, Rozema J, Schorno RML, van der Vies SM, Wolff WJ (eds) Antarctic biology in a global context, Backhuys, pp. 135–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Held C, Leese F (2007) The utility of fast evolving molecular markers for studying speciation in the Antarctic benthos. Polar Biol 30:513–521

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hemery LG, Eléaume M, Roussel V, Améziane N, Gallut C, Steinke D, Cruaud C, Couloux A, Wilson NG (2012) Comprehensive sampling reveals circumpolarity and sympatry in seven mitochondrial lineages of the Southern Ocean crinoid species Promachocrinus kerguelensis (Echinodermata). Mol Ecol 21:2505–2518

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman JI, Clarke A, Linse K, Peck LS (2011) Effects of brooding and broadcasting reproductive modes on the population genetic structure of two Antarctic gastropod molluscs. Mar Biol 158:287–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt B, Strugnell J, Bednarsek N, Linse K, Nelson RJ, Pakhomov E, Seibel B, Steinke D, Würzberg L (2010) Poles apart: the bipola pteropod species Limacina helicina is genetically distinct between the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans. PLoS ONE 5:e9835

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter RL, Halanych KM (2008) Evaluating connectivity in the brooding brittle star Astrotoma agassizii across the drake passage in the Southern Ocean. J Hered 99:137–148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janko K, Lecointre G, DeVries A, Couloux A, Cruaud C, Marshall C (2007) Did glacial advances during the Pleistocene influence differently the demographic histories of benthic and pelagic Antarctic shelf fishes?—Inferences from intraspecific mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence diversity. BMC Evol Biol 7:220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janko K, Marshall C, Musilová Z, Van Houdt J, Couloux A, Cruaud C, Lecointre G (2011) Multilocus analyses of an Antarctic fish species flock (Teleostei, Notothenioidei, Trematominae): phylogenetic approach and test of the early-radiation event. Mol Phylogenet Evol 60:305–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janosik AM, Mahon AR, Halanych KM (2011) Evolutionary history of Southern Ocean Odontaster sea star species (Odontasteridae; Asteroidea). Polar Biol 34:575–586

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krabbe K, Leese F, Mayer C, Tollrain R, Held C (2010) Cryptic mitochondrial lineages in the widespread pycnogonid Colossendeis megalonyx Hoek, 1881 from Antarctic and Subantarctic waters. Polar Biol 33:281–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn KL, Gaffney PM (2006) Preliminary assessment of population structure in the mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari). Polar Biol 29:927–935

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuklinski P, Barnes DKA (2010) First bipolar brooder. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 401:15–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert DM, Ritchie PA, Millar CD, Holland B, Drummond AJ, Baroni C (2002) Rates of evolution in ancient DNA from Adélie penguins. Science 295:2270–2273

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawver LA, Gahagan LM (2003) Evolution of cenozoic seaways in the circum-Antarctic region. Palaeogeog Palaeoclim Palaeoecol 198:11–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee Y-H, Song M, Lee S, Leon R, Godoy SO, Canete I (2004) Molecular phylogeny and divergence time of the Antarctic sea urchin (Sterechinus neumayeri) in relation to the South American sea urchins. Antarct Sci 16:29–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leese F, Held C (2008) Identification and characterization of microsatellites from the Antarctic isopod Ceratoserolis trilobitoides: nuclear evidence for cryptic species. Conserv Genet 9:1369–1372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leese F, Agrawal S, Held C (2010) Long-distance island hopping without dispersal stages: transportation across major zoogeographic barriers in a Southern Ocean isopod. Naturwissensch 97:583–594

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linse K, Cope T, Lörz AN, Sands C (2007) Is the Scotia Sea a centre of Antarctic marine diversification? Some evidence of cryptic speciation in the circum-Antarctic bivalve Lissarca notorcadensis (Arcoidea: Philobryidae). Polar Biol 30:1059–1068

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lörz A-N, Held C (2004) A preliminary molecular and morphological phylogeny of the Antarctic Epimeriidae and Iphimediidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda). Mol Phylogenet Evol 31:4–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lörz AN, Maas E, Linse K, Coleman CO (2009) Do circum-Antarctic species exist in peracarid Amphipoda? A case study in the genus Epimeria Costa, 1851 (Crustacea, Peracarida, Epimeriidae). ZooKeys 18:91–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Mah C, Foltz D (2011) Molecular phylogeny of the Forcipulatacea (Asteroidea: Echinodermata): systematics and biogeography. Zool J Linn Soc 162:646–660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahon AR, Thornhill DJ, Norenburg J, Halanych KM (2010) DNA uncovers Antarctic nemertean biodiversity and exposes a decades-old cold case of asymmetric inventory. Polar Biol 33:193–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matschiner M, Hanel R, Salzburger W (2009) Gene flow by larval dispersal in the Antarctic nototheniod fish Gobionotothen gibberifrons. Mol Ecol 18:2574–2587

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naish T, Powell R, Levy R, Wilson G, Scherer R, Talarico F, Krissek L, Niessen F, Pompilio M, Wilson T, Carter L, DeConto R, Huybers P, McKay R, Pollard D, Ross J, Winter D, Barrett P, Browne G, Cody R, Cowan E, Crampton J, Dunbar G, Dunbar N, Florindo F, Gebhardt C, Graham I, Hannah M, Hansaraj D, Harwood D, Helling D, Henrys S, Hinnov L, Kuhn G, Kyle P, Läufer A, Maffioli P, Magens D, Mandernack K, McIntosh W, Millan C, Morin R, Ohneiser C, Paulsen T, Persico D, Raine I, Reed J, Riesselman C, Sagnotti L, Schmitt D, Sjunneskog C, Strong P, Taviani M, Vogel S, Wilch T, Williams T (2009) Obliquity-paced pliocene West Antarctic ice sheet oscillations. Nature 458:322–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Near TJ (2004) Estimating divergence times of notothenioid fishes using a fossil-calibrated molecular clock. Antarct Sci 16:37–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nikula R, Fraser CI, Spencer HG, Waters JM (2010) Circumpolar dispersal by rafting in two subantarctic kelp-dwelling crustaceans. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 405:221–230

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Loughlin PM, Paulay G, Davey N, Michonneau F (2011) The Antarctic region as a marine biodiversity hotspot for echinoderms: diversity and diversification of sea cucumbers. Deep-Sea Res II 58:264–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Page TJ, Linse K (2000) More evidence of speciation and dispersal across the Antarctic polar front through molecular systematics of Southern Ocean Limatula (Bivalvia: Limidae). Polar Biol 25:818–826

    Google Scholar 

  • Park ET, Ferrari FD (2009) Species diversity and distributions of pelagic calanoid copepods (Crustacea) from the Southern Ocean. In: Krupnik I, Lang MA, Miller E (eds) Smithsonian at the poles: contributions to international polar year science, pp 143–180, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Pawlowski J, Fahrni J, Lecroq B, Longet D, Cornelius N, Excoffier L, Cedhagen T, Gooday AJ (2007) Bipolar gene flow in deep-sea benthic foraminifera. Mol Ecol 16:4089–4096

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearse JS, Mooi R, Lockhart SJ, Brandt A (2009) Brooding and species diversity in the Southern Ocean: selection for brooders or speciation within brooding clades? In: Krupnik I, Krupnik I, Lang MA, Miller E (eds) Smithsonian at the poles: contributions to international polar year science, pp 181–196. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfuhl HA, McCave NI (2007) Evidence for late Oligocene establishment of the Antarctic circumpolar current. Earth Planet Sci Lett 235:715–728

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pollard D, DeConto RM (2009) Modelling West Antarctic ice sheet growth and collapse through the past five million years. Nature 458:329–333

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pons J, Barraclough TG, Gomez-Zurita J, Cardoso A, Duran DP, Hazell S, Kamoun S, Sumlin WD, Vogler AP (2006) Sequence-based species delimitation for the DNA taxonomy of undescribed insects. Syst Biol 55:595–609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raupach MJ, Malyutina M, Brandt A, Wägele JW (2007) Molecular data reveal a highly diverse species flock within the munnopsoid deep-sea isopod Betamorpha fusiformis (Barnard, 1920) (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellota) in the Southern Ocean. Deep-Sea Res II 54:1820–1830

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raupach MJ, Mayer C, Malyutina M, Wägele JW (2009) Multiple origins of deep-sea Asellota (Crustacea: Isopoda) from shallow waters revealed by molecular data. Proc R Soc B 276:799–808

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raupach MJ, Thatje S, Dambach J, Rehm P, Misof B, Leese F (2010) Genetic homogeneity and circum-Antarctic distribution of two benthic shrimp species of the Southern Ocean, Chorismus antarcticus and Nematocarcinus lanceopes. Mar Biol 157:1783–1797

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers AD, Morley S, Fitzcharles E, Jarvis K, Belchier M (2006) Genetic structure of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) populations on the Patagonian Shelf and Atlantic and western Indian Ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean. Mar Biol 149:915–924

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schueller M (2011) Evidence for a role of bathymetry and emergence in speciation in the genus Glycera (Glyceridae, Polychaeta) from the deep Eastern Weddell Sea. Polar Biol 34:549–564

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stepanjants SD (2006) A review of bipolarity concepts: history and examples from Radiolaria and Medusozoa (Cnidaria). Mar Biol Res 2:200–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strugnell JM, Rogers AD, Prodöhl PA, Collins MA, Allcock AL (2008) The thermohaline expressway: the Southern Ocean as a centre of origin for deep-sea octopuses. Cladistics 24:853–860

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strugnell JM, Allcock AL, Watts PC (2009a) A panel of microsatellite loci from two species of octopus, Pareledone turqueti (Joubin, 1905) and Pareledone charcoti (Joubin, 1905). Mol Ecol Res 9:1239–1242

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strugnell JM, Allcock AL, Watts PC (2009b) Microsatellite loci from the endemic Southern Ocean octopus Adelieledone polymorpha (Robson, 1930). Mol Ecol Res 9:1068–1070

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strugnell J, Cherel Y, Cooke IR, Gleadall IG, Hochberg FG, Ibanez CM, Jorgensen E, Laptikhovsky VV, Linse K, Norman M, Vecchione M, Voight JR, Allcock AL (2011) The Southern Ocean: source and sink? Deep-Sea Res II 58:196–204

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strugnell JM, Watts PC, Smith PJ, Allcock AL (2012) Persistent genetic signatures of historic climatic events in an Antarctic octopus. Mol Ecol 21:2775–2785

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thatje S, Hillenbrand C-D, Larter R (2005) On the origin of Antarctic marine benthic community structure. Trends Ecol Evol 20:534–540

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson MRA (2004) Geological and palaeoenvironmental history of the Scotia Sea region as a basis for biological interpretation. Deep-Sea Res II 51:1467–1487

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornhill DJ, Mahon AR, Norenburg JL, Halanych KM (2008) Open-ocean barriers to dispersal: a test case with the Antarctic polar front and the ribbon worm Parbolasia corrugatus (Nemertea: Lineidae). Mol Ecol 17:5104–5117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uriz MJ, Gili JM, Orejas C, Perez-Porro AR (2011) Do bipolar distributions exist in marine sponges? Stylocordyla chupachups sp. nv. (Porifera: Hadromerida) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctic), previously reported as S. borealis (Lovén, 1868). Polar Biol 34:243–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan DG, Barnes DKA, Fretwell PT, Bingham RG (2011) Potential seaways across West Antarctica. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 12:Q10004. doi:10.1029/2011GC003688

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson NG, Hunter RL, Lockhart SJ, Halanych KM (2007) Multiple lineages and absence of panmixia in the circumpolar crinoid Promachocrinus kerguelensis from the Atlantic sector of Antarctica. Mar Biol 152:895–904

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson NG, Schröld M, Halanych KM (2009) Ocean barriers and glaciation: evidence for explosive radiation of mitochondrial lineages in the Antarctic sea slug Doris kerguelensis (Mollusca, Nudibranchia). Mol Ecol 18:965–984

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoder AD, Yang ZH (2000) Estimation of primate speciation dates using local molecular clocks. Mol Biol Evol 17:1081–1090

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This is a contribution to the SCAR EBA programme.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic, 3086, Australia

    Jan M. Strugnell

  2. Department of Zoology, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland

    A. Louise Allcock

Authors
  1. Jan M. Strugnell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Louise Allcock
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jan M. Strugnell .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Protein Biochemistry, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Napoli, 80131, Italy

    Cinzia Verde

  2. Institute of Protein Biochemistry, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Napoli, 80131, Italy

    Guido di Prisco

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Strugnell, J.M., Allcock, A.L. (2013). Southern Ocean Evolution in a Global Context: A Molecular Viewpoint. In: Verde, C., di Prisco, G. (eds) Adaptation and Evolution in Marine Environments, Volume 2. From Pole to Pole. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27349-0_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation