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Assessment of Malnutrition and Nutritional Therapy Approaches in Cancer Patients

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Book cover Nutritional Management of Cancer Treatment Effects

Abstract

Malnutrition can be defined as a state of altered nutritional status that is associated with increased risk of adverse clinical events such as complications or death. Nutritional care is fundamental to cancer treatment (Davies M). Malnutrition specific to cancer patient populations has been observed to negatively impact patient’s response to therapy; increase the incidence of treatment-related side effects; interrupt serial treatment regimens; extend hospital stay; impair muscle function, performance status, immune function, and quality of life; and ultimately affect survival [1–5]. Depression, fatigue, and malaise also significantly impact on patient well-being. In addition, cancer-related malnutrition is associated with significant health-care-related costs [5, 6]. In a recent study to evaluate the role of malnutrition and mortality in patients undergoing surgery for renal cell carcinoma, Morgan et al. [7] reported that malnutrition is associated with a higher mortality, independent of key clinical and pathological factors. On the other hand, proactive intervention to comprehensively assess and correct malnutrition early has been shown to reduce patient costs and length of hospital stay, improve response to treatment and, most importantly, improve functional status and quality of life in the patient [3]. For example, improvement of nutritional status over time is associated with better survival in ovarian cancer patients [8]. These effects were observed to be independent of age, stage at diagnosis, and prior treatment history and tumor response as determined by CA 125. Others have shown that significantly lower postoperative 30-day mortality after colorectal cancer resection was observed in cases less than 70 years of age, and absence of synchronous liver metastasis, malnutrition, and respiratory and vascular comorbidity were significantly reduced. With continuously evolving treatment modalities and novel agents for the treatment of cancer, it has also become critical to address nutritional care in the entire continuum of cancer (pretreatment, treatment, and posttreatment) to reduce GI toxicities and improve clinical outcomes and to ultimately improve morbidity and mortality in this patient population [8–12].

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  1. University of South Florida, Heather Oak Place, 33647, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Nagi B. Kumar Ph.D

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© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Kumar, N.B. (2012). Assessment of Malnutrition and Nutritional Therapy Approaches in Cancer Patients. In: Nutritional Management of Cancer Treatment Effects. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27233-2_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27233-2_2

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