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Hormonal Intermediates in the Protective Action of Exogenous Phytohormones in Wheat Plants Under Salinity

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Phytohormones and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

Abstract

Unfavorable environmental factors, such as salinity, are known to induce significant shifts in the state of endogenous hormonal system of plants, usually associated with the accumulation of stress hormone ABA and the decrease in the levels of growth-stimulating hormones—auxins and cytokinins. Treatment by phytohormones to improve plant stress resistance also leads to rearrangement of the hormonal balance of plants, and this indicates the involvement of endogenous hormones in the protective effect of exogenous hormones on plants. The aim of this study was to identify the hormonal intermediates in the action of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR), methyl jasmonate (Me-JA), and salicylic acid (SA) on wheat plants under sodium chloride salinity. We found that during pretreatment of seedlings with EBR for 24 h, rapid and stable double accumulation of cytokinins (CKs) was observed without any changes in the contents of IAA and ABA. Pretreatment of seedlings with EBR for 24 h significantly reduced the damaging effect of salinity on plant growth, considerably reduced the stress-induced ABA accumulation as well as the decrease in the IAA content, and also maintained the concentration of CKs at the level of control plants. Interestingly, treatment of seedlings with Me-JA also caused almost a twofold reversible (in contrast to EBR action) CK accumulation without changes in the contents of IAA and ABA. Pretreatment with Me-JA also reduced the stress-induced accumulation of ABA and diminished the decrease in the IAA content and prevented salinity-induced decline in the CK level. These data suggest an important role of cytokinins as intermediates in the manifestation of the protective effect of EBR and Me-JA on wheat plants under salt stress. Comparative analysis of the influence of EBR, Me-JA, and CKs on growth, the state of proantioxidant system, and the level of osmoprotectants in the seedlings under salinity yielded experimental arguments in favor of this assumption. We have previously suggested that ABA may serve as endogenous intermediate in the protective effect of SA on wheat plants. Comparative analysis of the influence of SA and SA in mixture with fluridone, being an effective inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis, on both PR-1 and TADHN dehydrin gene expression and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, as well as deposition of lignin in the cell walls under sodium chloride salinity, revealed the key role of endogenous ABA in the manifestation of the protective effect of SA on wheat plants.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research—Povoljie (project no. 11-04-97051).

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  1. Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Octyabrya, 71, 450054, Ufa, Russia

    Farida M. Shakirova, Azamat M. Avalbaev, Marina V. Bezrukova, Rimma A. Fatkhutdinova, Dilara R. Maslennikova, Ruslan A. Yuldashev, Chulpan R. Allagulova & Oksana V. Lastochkina

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  1. Farida M. Shakirova
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  2. Azamat M. Avalbaev
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  3. Marina V. Bezrukova
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Correspondence to Farida M. Shakirova .

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  1. , Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, University Road, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Nafees A. Khan

  2. , Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, India, University Road, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Rahat Nazar

  3. , Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Noushina Iqbal

  4. , CESAM, University of Aveiro, University street 1, Aveiro, 3810193, Portugal

    Naser A. Anjum

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Shakirova, F.M. et al. (2012). Hormonal Intermediates in the Protective Action of Exogenous Phytohormones in Wheat Plants Under Salinity. In: Khan, N., Nazar, R., Iqbal, N., Anjum, N. (eds) Phytohormones and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25829-9_9

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