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Scanning Probe Microscopy in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 3 pp 79–98Cite as

Atomic Force Microscopy for DNA SNP Identification

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Abstract

The knowledge of the effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human genome greatly contributes to better comprehension of the relation between genetic factors and diseases. Sequence analysis of genomic DNA in different individuals reveals positions where variations that involve individual base substitutions can occur. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms are highly abundant and can have different consequences at phenotypic level. Several attempts were made to apply atomic force microscopy (AFM) to detect and map SNP sites in DNA strands. The most promising approach is the study of DNA mutations producing heteroduplex DNA strands and identifying the mismatches by means of a protein that labels the mismatches. MutS is a protein that is part of a well-known complex of mismatch repair, which initiates the process of repairing when the MutS binds to the mismatched DNA filament. The position of MutS on the DNA filament can be easily recorded by means of AFM imaging.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Renato Buzio, Chiara Biale, Francesca Giacopelli, Roberto Ravazzolo, Patrizia Guida, Barbara Setina, and Luca Repetto for their helpful comments. This work has been supported by Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy, with the FIRB 2003 National Project Nanomed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nanomed Lab, Physics Department, UNIGE, Genova, Italy

    Ugo Valbusa & Vincenzo Ierardi

  2. Nanobiotechnologies, National Institute for Cancer Research IST, Genova I, Italy

    Ugo Valbusa

  3. Nanobiotechnologies, National Institute for Cancer Research IST, Genova, Italy

    Vincenzo Ierardi

Authors
  1. Ugo Valbusa
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  2. Vincenzo Ierardi
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- &, Ohio State University, West 19th Avenue 201, Columbus, 43210-1142, Ohio, USA

    Bharat Bhushan

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Valbusa, U., Ierardi, V. (2012). Atomic Force Microscopy for DNA SNP Identification. In: Bhushan, B. (eds) Scanning Probe Microscopy in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 3. NanoScience and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25414-7_4

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