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Single-Mode VCSELs

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VCSELs

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Optical Sciences ((SSOS,volume 166))

Abstract

The only active transverse mode in a truly single-mode VCSEL is the fundamental mode with a near Gaussian field distribution. A single-mode VCSEL produces a light beam of higher spectral purity, higher degree of coherence and lower divergence than a multimode VCSEL and the beam can be more precisely shaped and focused to a smaller spot. Such beam properties are required in many applications. In this chapter, after discussing applications of single-mode VCSELs, we introduce the basics of fields and modes in VCSELs and review designs implemented for single-mode emission from VCSELs in different materials and at different wavelengths. This includes VCSELs that are inherently single-mode as well as inherently multimode VCSELs where higher-order modes are suppressed by mode selective gain or loss. In each case we present the current state-of-the-art and discuss pros and cons. At the end, a specific example with experimental results is provided and, as a summary, the most promising designs based on current technologies are identified.

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  1. Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Photonics Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden

    Anders Larsson & Johan S. Gustavsson

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  1. Anders Larsson
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  1. , Institute of Optoelectronics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 45, Ulm, 89081, Germany

    Rainer Michalzik

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Larsson, A., Gustavsson, J.S. (2013). Single-Mode VCSELs. In: Michalzik, R. (eds) VCSELs. Springer Series in Optical Sciences, vol 166. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24986-0_4

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