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Nano-Antimicrobials pp 253–290Cite as

Metal-Containing Nano-Antimicrobials: Differentiating the Impact of Solubilized Metals and Particles

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Abstract

Metal-based antiseptics like silver, zinc oxide, copper and titanium dioxide have proven their efficacy long time before nanorevolution. The rapid development of nanotechnology during the past ten years has allowed even further increases in their antimicrobial potency. Indeed, the development and use of nano-Ag or nano-Cu/CuO coated surfaces and application of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles in personal care products is rapidly increasing. The main reason for the increased efficacy of nano-size metal-based antiseptics compared to their micro-sized counterparts is their increased relative surface area that translates into higher reactivity, e.g., improved dissolution of inhibitory concentrations of metal ions. In this chapter, we discuss the recent findings on the antimicrobial mechanisms of metal-based nanomaterials with special emphasis on metal dissolution. We also discuss the (bio)analytical methods that have been developed and/or applied to discriminate between the toxic effects mediated by metal dissolution and nanomaterials per se. The discrimination between these two mechanisms of toxicity is important for basic mechanistic research as well as for designing new nano-antimicrobials.

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Acknowledgements

European Social Fund and Estonian Science Foundation programs Mobilitas, Do-Ra3, EU FP7 Project NanoValid (grant agreement No 263147) and projects ETF6975 and ETF8561 as well as Estonian Ministry of Science and Education project SF0690063s08 are acknowledged for the support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Tallinn, Estonia

    Angela Ivask, Olesja Bondarenko & Anne Kahru

  2. University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Angela Ivask & Saji George

  3. School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Ang Mo Kio, Singapore

    Saji George

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  1. Angela Ivask
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  2. Saji George
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  3. Olesja Bondarenko
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  4. Anne Kahru
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Correspondence to Angela Ivask .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi die Bari, via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy

    Nicola Cioffi

  2. Dept. Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, 444602, India

    Mahendra Rai

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Ivask, A., George, S., Bondarenko, O., Kahru, A. (2012). Metal-Containing Nano-Antimicrobials: Differentiating the Impact of Solubilized Metals and Particles. In: Cioffi, N., Rai, M. (eds) Nano-Antimicrobials. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24428-5_9

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