Abstract
In order to protect AES software running on untrusted platforms, Chow et al. (2002) designed a white-box implementation. However, Billet et al. (2004) showed that the secret key can be extracted with a time complexity of 230. In this paper, we present an improved white-box implementation of AES. We use dual ciphers to modify the state and key representations in each round as well as two of the four classical AES operations, SubBytes and MixColumns. We show that, with 61200 possible dual ciphers the complexity of Billet et al. attack is raised to 291. Interestingly, our white-box implementation does not require more memory space than that of Chow et al. implementation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barkan, E., Biham, E.: The book of Rijndaels. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2002/158 (2002), http://eprint.iacr.org/2002/158
Barkan, E., Biham, E.: In how many ways can you write Rijndael? In: Zheng, Y. (ed.) ASIACRYPT 2002. LNCS, vol. 2501, pp. 160–175. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Billet, O., Gilbert, H.: A traceable block cipher. In: Laih, C.-S. (ed.) ASIACRYPT 2003. LNCS, vol. 2894, pp. 331–346. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Billet, O., Gilbert, H., Ech-Chatbi, C.: Cryptanalysis of a white box AES implementation. In: Handschuh, H., Hasan, M.A. (eds.) SAC 2004. LNCS, vol. 3357, pp. 227–240. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Biryukov, A., De Cannière, C., Braeken, A., Preneel, B.: A toolbox for cryptanalysis: Linear and affine equivalence algorithms. In: Biham, E. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 2003. LNCS, vol. 2656, pp. 33–50. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Bringer, J., Chabanne, H., Dottax, E.: Perturbing and protecting a traceable block cipher. In: Leitold, H., Markatos, E.P. (eds.) CMS 2006. LNCS, vol. 4237, pp. 109–119. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Bringer, J., Chabanne, H., Dottax, E.: White box cryptography: Another attempt. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2006/468 (2006), http://eprint.iacr.org/2006/468
Chow, S., Eisen, P.A., Johnson, H., van Oorschot, P.C.: White-box cryptography and an AES implementation. In: Nyberg, K., Heys, H.M. (eds.) SAC 2002. LNCS, vol. 2595, pp. 250–270. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Chow, S., Eisen, P.A., Johnson, H., van Oorschot, P.C.: A white-box des implementation for DRM applications. In: Feigenbaum, J. (ed.) DRM 2002. LNCS, vol. 2696, pp. 1–15. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Daemen, J., Rijmen, V.: The Design of Rijndael: AES - The Advanced Encryption Standard. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Faugère, J.-C., Perret, L.: Polynomial equivalence problems: Algorithmic and theoretical aspects. In: Vaudenay, S. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 2006. LNCS, vol. 4004, pp. 30–47. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Fuller, J., Millan, W.: Linear redundancy in s-boxes. In: Johansson, T. (ed.) FSE 2003. LNCS, vol. 2887, pp. 74–86. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Matsumoto, T., Imai, H.: Public quadratic polynomial-tuples for efficient signature-verification and message-encryption. In: Günther, C.G. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 1988. LNCS, vol. 330, pp. 419–453. Springer, Heidelberg (1988)
Michiels, W., Gorissen, P., Hollmann, H.D.L.: Cryptanalysis of a generic class of white-box implementations. In: Avanzi, R.M., Keliher, L., Sica, F. (eds.) SAC 2008. LNCS, vol. 5381, pp. 414–428. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Raddum, H.: More dual Rijndaels. In: Dobbertin, H., Rijmen, V., Sowa, A. (eds.) AES 2005. LNCS, vol. 3373, pp. 142–147. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Karroumi, M. (2011). Protecting White-Box AES with Dual Ciphers. In: Rhee, KH., Nyang, D. (eds) Information Security and Cryptology - ICISC 2010. ICISC 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6829. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24209-0_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24209-0_19
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-24208-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-24209-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)