Skip to main content

Symmetries II: Discrete Symmetries

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 5652 Accesses

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Physics ((LNP,volume 839))

Abstract

This is probably the most technical chapter of this book. Discrete symmetries play a fundamental role in modern particle physics and cosmology. We have delayed their study until now to be able to develop all the tools required to explore some or their fascinating consequences. Specifically, we present an outline of the derivation of the CPT theorem from first principles and some of the consequences of the proof, in particular, the connection between spin and statistics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Had we tried \(\psi(x)\rightarrow\Gamma\psi(x)\) we would find, using Schur’s lemma, that the Dirac equation is preserved only if \(\Gamma\) is proportional to the identity, so the transformation is trivial.

  2. 2.

    Alternatively, the right-hand side of this expression can be written as \(i\gamma^{0}\gamma^{2}\overline{\psi}(x)^{T}.\)

  3. 3.

    For the sake of simplicity we ignore other degrees of freedom. Their inclusion does not change the result.

  4. 4.

    We should bear in mind that the Majorana neutrino break the global U(1) phase symmetry of the Lagrangian and therefore all three arbitrary phases of the charged leptons are independent. Notice also that in this case there is CP violation even with only two families, since having two charged leptons only allows for the elimination of two of the three phases of the mixing matrix.

  5. 5.

    See Appendix B (Sect. B.4).

  6. 6.

    This section is substantially more mathematical than the rest of the text and it can be safely skipped. Its purpose is to prove Eq. (11.82).

  7. 7.

    The reader surely has noticed by now that in this book we have been assuming the spin-statistics theorem all the time since we have been consistently using the term “fermion” or “fermionic” to refer to spinor fields.

References

  1. Ramond, P.: Journeys Beyond the Standard Model. Perseus Books, Cambridge (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Mohapatra, R.N.: Unification and Supersymmetry: The Frontiers of Quark-Lepton Physics. Springer, New York (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Lüders, G.: On the equivalence of the invariance under time reversal and under particle-anti-particle conjugation. Dansk. Mat. Fys. Medd. 28, 5 (1954)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Pauli, W.: Exclusion principle, Lorentz group and reflection of space-time and charge. In: Pauli, W. (eds) Niels Bohr and the Development of Physics, Pergamon, London (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Jost, R.: Eine Bemerkung zum CTP Theorem. Helv. Phys. Acta 30, 409 (1957)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Streater, R.F., Wightman, A.S.: Spin and Statistics and All That. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1964)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Haag, R.: Local Quantum Physics. Fields, Particles, Algebras. Springer, Berlin (1992)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Lüders, G., Zumino, B.: Some consequences of TCP-invariance. Phys. Rev. 106, 385 (1957)

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luis Álvarez-Gaumé .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Álvarez-Gaumé, L., Vázquez-Mozo, M.Á. (2012). Symmetries II: Discrete Symmetries. In: An Invitation to Quantum Field Theory. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 839. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23728-7_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23728-7_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-23727-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-23728-7

  • eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics