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The Superfamily of Vertebrate-Secreted Ribonucleases

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Book cover Ribonucleases

Part of the book series: Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology ((NUCLEIC))

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Abstract

Recent investigations on vertebrate proteomes have revealed the presence of a single vertebrate-specific enzyme group: that of the RNases homologous to RNase A, the historical RNase archetype studied for more than a century. The genes encoding these RNases are all phylogenetically linked, and the gene products are all secreted proteins, thus forming an impressively large superfamily of vertebrate-secreted RNases, formerly called “RNase A superfamily.” The vertebrate-secreted RNases display surprisingly different physiological functions, other than that of ribonucleolytic enzymes, including angiogenesis, host defense, immunosuppression, biogenesis of ribosomes, and stress response. Some of the RNases have antitumor activity, as they are capable of selectively killing malignant cells, and have inspired an intensely pursued research line of translational value. A particular attention has been given in this chapter to the family of mammalian RNases, especially to RNase 5 (angiogenin) and microbicidal RNases 2 and 3, to the RNase inhibitor, and the recently investigated family of fish RNases.

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Acknowledgments

I wish to thank my colleagues Tina Giancola, Guo-Fu Hu, Lelio Mazzarella, Antonello Merlino, Elio Pizzo, James F. Riordan, and Filomena Sica, who kindly contributed to improve the manuscript with their suggestions.

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  1. Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126, Napoli, Italy

    Giuseppe D’Alessio

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    Allen W. Nicholson

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D’Alessio, G. (2011). The Superfamily of Vertebrate-Secreted Ribonucleases. In: Nicholson, A. (eds) Ribonucleases. Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21078-5_1

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