Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A New Early Cambrian Lobopod-Bearing Animal (Murero, Spain) and the Problem of the Ecdysozoan Early Diversification

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Evolutionary Biology – Concepts, Biodiversity, Macroevolution and Genome Evolution

Abstract

A new xenusian, Mureropodia apae gen. and sp. nov., is found in the lower Cambrian of the Murero Lagerstätte in the Cadenas Ibéricas, NE Spain. In Mureropodia, the lobopod length/body width ratio reveals that this animal hardly was able to walk on the bottom surface. Possibly, it could use the limbs for anchoring the body to the substrate. A well-developed dermomuscular sac of circular and longitudinal muscular systems as well as probably retractile proboscis fit such an interpretation. The ground plan of the Xenusia includes a vermiform body; a proboscis or mouth cone; paired lobopods with claws; a cuticle displaying a repeated anatomical patterning; a straight digestive tract with terminal mouth and anus. Morphologically heterogeneous xenusians, which crawled with their lobopods along the bottom, might give rise to four morphofunctional lineages – to cephalorhynch worms by adaptation for burrowing with retractable proboscis; to tardigrades by adaptation for interstitial habitat; to euarthropods by adaptation to walking on joint appendages; and to anomalocaridids by adaptation to swimming with lateral flaps.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adoutte A, Balavoine G, Lartillot N, Lespinet O, Prud’homme B, de Rosa R (2000) The new animal phylogeny: reliability and implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:4453–4456

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauluz B, Fernández-Nieto C, González López JM (1998) Diagenesis – very low-grade metamorphism of clastic Cambrian and Ordovician sedimentary rocks in the Iberian Range (Spain). Clay Miner 33:373–394

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauluz B, Peacor DR, González López JM (2000) Transmission electron microscopy study of illitization in pelites from the Iberian Range, Spain: layer-by-layer replacement? Clays Clay Miner 48:374–384

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bengtson S, Matthews SC, Missarzhevsky VV (1986) The Cambrian netlike fossil Microdictyon. In: Hoffman A, Nitecki MH (eds) Problematic fossil taxa. Oxford University Press, New York; Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp 97–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Bengtson S, Conway Morris S, Cooper BJ, Jell PA, Runnegar B (1990) Early Cambrian fossils from South Australia. Mem Assoc Australas Palaeontols 9:1–364

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergström J, Hou X (2001) Cambrian Onychophora or xenusians. Zool Anz 240:237–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Budd GE (1997) Stem group arthropods from the Lower Cambrian Sirius Passet fauna of North Greenland. In: Fortey RA, Thomas RH (eds) Arthropod relationships. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 125–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Budd GE (1998) Arthropod body-plan evolution in the Cambrian with an example from anomalocaridid muscle. Lethaia 31:197–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Budd GE (1999) The morphology and phylogenetic significance of Kerygmachela kierkegaardi Budd (Buen Formation, Lower Cambrian, N Greenland). Trans R Soc Edinb Earth Sci 89:249–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Budd GE (2001a) Tardigrades as ‘stem-group arthropods’: the evidence from the Cambrian fauna. Zool Anz 240:265–279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Budd GE (2001b) Why are arthropods segmented? Evol Dev 3:332–342

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Budd GE, Peel JS (1998) A new xenusiid lobopod from the Early Cambrian Sirius Passet fauna of North Greenland. Palaeontology 41:1201–1213

    Google Scholar 

  • Budd GE, Telford MJ (2009) The origin and evolution of arthropods. Nature 457:812–817

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butterfield NJ (2002) Leanchoilia guts and the interpretation of three-dimensional structures in Burgess Shale-type fossils. Paleobiology 28:155–171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Charbonnier S, Vannier J, Riou B (2007) New sea spiders from the Jurassic La Voulte-sur-Rhône Lagerstätte. Proc R Soc Lond B 274:2555–2561

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen J (2009) The sudden appearance of diverse animal body plans during the Cambrian explosion. Int J Dev Biol 53:733–751

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen J, Zhou G (1997) Biology of the Chengjiang biota. In: Chen J, Cheng Y, Iten HV (eds) The Cambrian explosion and the fossil record. National Museum of Natural Sciences, Taichung, pp 11–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen J, Hou X, Lu H (1989) Early Cambrian nettled scale-bearing worm-like sea animal. Acta Palaeontol Sin 28:1–16 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen J, Zhou G, Ramsköld L (1995) The Cambrian lobopodian, Microdictyon sinicum. Bull Natl Mus Nat Sci (Taichung, Taiwan) 5:1–93

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conway Morris S (1977) A new metazoan from the Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia. Palaeontology 20:623–640

    Google Scholar 

  • Conway Morris S, Robison RA (1986) Middle Cambrian priapulids and other soft-bodied fossils from Utah and Spain. Univ Kansas Paleontol Contrib 117:1–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowe JH, Newell IM, Thomson WW (1970) Echiniscus viridus (Tardigrada): fine structure of the cuticle. Trans Am Microsc Soc 89:316–325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daley AC, Budd GE, Caron J-B, Edgecombe GD, Collins D (2009) The Burgess Shale anomalocaridid Hurdia and its significance for early euarthropod evolution. Science 323:1597–1600

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Darwin C (1859) The origin of species by means of natural selection or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life, 6th edn. 1872. A Mentor Book. New York, Scarborough, Ontario

    Google Scholar 

  • De Villalobos C, Zanca F (2001) Scanning electron microscopy and intraspecific variation of Chordodes festae Camerano, 1897 and C. peraccae (Camerano, 1894) (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea). Syst Parasitol 50:117–125

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Delle Cave L, Simonetta AM (1975) Notes on the morphology and taxonomic position of Aysheaia (Onychophora?) and of Skania (undetermined phylum). Monitore Zool Ital (Nov Ser) 9:67–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Dies Álvarez ME (2004) Bioestratigrafía y Paleoecología de la Formación Valdemiedes (límite Cámbrico Inferior-Medio) en las Cadenas Ibéricas. Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, p 147

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn CW, Hejnol A, Matus DQ, Pang K, Browne WE, Smith SA, Seaver E, Rouse GW, Obst M, Edgecombe GD, Sørensen MV, Haddock SHD, Schmidt-Rhaesa A, Okusu A, Kristensen RM, Wheeler WC, Martindale MQ, Giribet G (2008) Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life. Nature 452:745–749

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dzik J, Krumbiegel G (1989) The oldest ‘onychophoran’ Xenusion: a link connecting phyla? Lethaia 22:169–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson BJ, Tait NN, Budd GE (2003) Head development in the onychophoran Euperipatoides kanangrensis with particular reference to the central nervous system. J Morphol 255:1–23

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Esakova NV, Zhegallo EA (1996) Biostratigraphy and fauna of the Lower Cambrian of Mongolia. Nauka, Moscow, in Russian

    Google Scholar 

  • Gámez Vintaned JA (1995) Nuevo hallazgo de un anélido (?) paleoscolécido en el Cámbrico Medio de Murero (Cadena Ibérica Occidental, NE de España). In: Gámez Vintaned JA, Liñán E (eds) Memorias de las IV Jornadas Aragonesas de Paleontología: "La expansión de la vida en el Cámbrico". Libro homenaje al Prof. Klaus Sdzuy. Institución “Fernando el Católico”, Zaragoza, pp 205–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Gámez Vintaned JA, Mayoral E (1995) Paleoicnología del Grupo Mesones (Cámbrico Inferior-Medio) en Murero (Cadena Ibérica Occidental, NE de España). In: Gámez Vintaned JA, Liñán E (eds) Memorias de las IV Jornadas Aragonesas de Paleontología: "La expansión de la vida en el Cámbrico". Libro homenaje al Prof. Klaus Sdzuy. Institución “Fernando el Católico”, Zaragoza, pp 219–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Gámez Vintaned JA, Liñán E, Zhuravlev AYu, Bauluz B, Gozalo R, Zamora S, Esteve J (2009a) The preservation of the Cambrian Murero biota in the Mesones Group, Cadenas Ibéricas, Spain. In: Smith MR, O’Brien LJ, Caron J-B (eds) International Conference on the Cambrian Explosion. Walcott 2009. Abstract Volume. The Burgess Shale Consortium, Toronto, pp 32–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Gámez Vintaned JA, Schmitz U, Liñán E (2009b) Upper Vendian–lowest Ordovician sequences of the western Gondwana margin, NE Spain. In: Craig J, Thurow J, Thusu B, Whitham A, Abutarruma Y (eds) Global Neoproterozoic petroleum systems: the emerging potential in North Africa, vol 326. Geological Society of London Special Publications, Bath, pp 231–244

    Google Scholar 

  • García-Bellido DC, Gozalo R, Chirivella Martorell JB, Liñán E (2007) The demosponge genus Leptomitus and a new species from the Middle Cambrian of Spain. Palaeontology 50:467–478

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gozalo R (1995) El Cámbrico de las Cadenas Ibéricas. In: Gámez Vintaned JA, Liñán E (eds) Memorias de las IV Jornadas Aragonesas de Paleontología: "La expansión de la vida en el Cámbrico". Libro homenaje al Prof. Klaus Sdzuy. Institución “Fernando el Católico”, Zaragoza, pp 137–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Gozalo R, Liñán E (1988) Los materiales hercínicos de la Cordillera Ibérica en el contexto del Macizo Ibérico. Estud Geol 44(5–6):399–404

    Google Scholar 

  • Gozalo R, Liñán E, Dies ME (2003) Intraspecific dimorphism in an evolutionary series of paradoxidids from the Middle Cambrian of Murero, Spain. In: Lane PD, Siveter DJ, Fortey RA (eds) Trilobites and their relatives (proceedings of Oxford conference 2001). Spec Pap Palaeontol 70:141–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Gozalo R, Chirivella Martorell JB, Esteve J, Liñán E (2011, in press) Proposal of correlation between the base of Drumian Stage and the base of middle Caesaraugustan Stage in the Iberian Chains (NE Spain). Bull Geosci 86(4)

    Google Scholar 

  • Han J, Liu J, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Shu D (2007) Trunk ornament on the palaeoscolecid worms Cricocosmia and Tabelliscolex from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang deposits of China. Acta Palaeontol Pol 52:423–431

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey THP, Dong X, Donoghue PCJ (2010) Are palaeoscolecids ancestral ecdysozoans? Evol Dev 12(2):177–200

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hou X, Bergström J (1995) Cambrian lobopodians – ancestors of extant onychophorans? Zool J Linn Soc 114:3–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hou X, Chen J (1989) Early Cambrian arthropod-annelid intermediate animal, Luolishania gen. nov. from Chengjiang, Yunnan. Acta Palaeontol Sin 28:205–213 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hou X, Ramsköld L, Bergström J (1991) Composition and preservation of the Chengjiang fauna – a Lower Cambrian soft-bodied biota. Zool Scr 20:395–411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hou X, Ma X, Zhao J, Bergström J (2004) The lobopodian Paucipodia inermis from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, Yunnan, China. Lethaia 37:235–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson GE (1969) Aysheaia and general morphology of the Onychophora. Am J Sci 267:1062–1066

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liñán E (2003) The Lower and Middle Cambrian biota of Murero. In: Alcalá L (ed) European Palaeontological Association-Workshop 2003, Exceptional Preservation, Teruel, Spain. Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel, Teruel - Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, pp 19–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Liñán E, Gozalo R (1986) Trilobites del Cámbrico Inferior y Medio de Murero (Cordillera Ibérica). Mem Mus Paleontol Univ Zaragoza 2:1–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Liñán E, Fernández-Nieto C, Gámez JA, Gozalo R, Mayoral E, Moreno-Eiris E, Palacios T, Perejón A (1993) Problemática del límite Cámbrico Inferior-Medio en Murero (Cadenas Ibéricas, España). Rev Españ Paleontol Nº Extr:26–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Liñán E, Gámez Vintaned JA, Gozalo R (1996) Hallazgo de una biota tipo Burgess Shale en el Cámbrico Inferior tardío de Murero (Zaragoza). In: Palacios T, Gozalo R (eds) Comunicaciones de las XII Jornadas de Paleontología: Badajoz, 30 de octubre-2 de noviembre de 1996. Universidad de Extremadura, Servicio de Publicaciones, Cáceres, 1996, pp 77–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Liñán E, Gozalo R, Dies Álvarez ME, Gámez Vintaned JA, Mayoral E, Chirivella Martorell JB, Esteve J, Zamora S, Zhuravlev AYu, Andrés, JA (2008) Fourth International Trilobite Conference Trilo 08 Toledo, Spain, 2008. Post-Conference Field Trip. Lower and Middle Cambrian trilobites of selected localities in Cadenas Ibéricas (NE Spain), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, p. 52

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Han J, Simonetta AM, Hu S, Zhang Z, Yao Y, Shu D (2006a) New observations of the lobopod-like worm Facivermis from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte. Chin Sci Bull 51:358–363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Shu D, Han J, Zhang Z, Zhang X (2006b) A large xenusiid lobopod with complex appendages from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte. Acta Palaeontol Pol 51:215–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Shu D, Han J, Zhang Z, Zhang X (2007) Morpho-anatomy of the lobopod Magadictyon cf. haikouensis from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte, South China. Acta Zool (Stockholm) 88:279–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Shu D, Han J, Zhang Z, Zhang X (2008a) The lobopod Onychodictyon from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte revisited. Acta Palaeontol Pol 53:285–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Shu D, Han J, Zhang Z, Zhang X (2008b) Origin, diversification, and relationships of Cambrian lobopods. Gondwana Res 14:277–283

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Steiner M, Dunlop JA, Keupp H, Shu D, Ou Q, Han J, Zhang Z, Zhang X (2011) An armoured Cambrian lobopodian from China with arthropod-like appendages. Nature 470:526–530

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma X, Hou X, Bergström J (2009) Morphology of Luolishania longicruris (Lower Cambrian, Chengjiang Lagerstätte, SW China) and the phylogenetic relationships within lobopodians. Arthropod Struct Dev 38:271–291

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maas A, Mayer G, Kristensen RM, Waloszek D (2007) A Cambrian micro-lobopodian and the evolution of arthropod locomotion and reproduction. Chin Sci Bull 52:3385–3392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malakhov VV, Adrianov AV (1995) Cephalorhyncha – a new phylum of the animalia kingdom. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow, in Russian; English summary

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer G, Harzsch S (2007) Immunolocalization of serotonin in Onychophora argues against segmented ganglia being an ancestral feature of arthropods. BMC Evol Biol 7:118–125

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer G, Koch M (2005) Ultrastructure and fate of nephridial anlagen in the antennal segment of Epiperipatus biolleyi (Onychophora, Peripatidae) – evidence for the onychophoran antennae being modified legs. Arthropod Struct Dev 34:471–480

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monge-Nájera J, Hou X (2000) Disparity, decimation and the Cambrian “explosion”: comparison of early Cambrian and Present faunal communities with emphasis on velvet worms (Onychophora). Rev Biol Trop 48:333–351

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morera-Brenes B, Monge-Nájera J (2010) A new giant species of placented worm and the mechanism by which onychophorans weave their nets (Onychophora: Peripatidae). Rev Biol Trop 58:1127–1142

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poinar G Jr (1999) Palaeochordes protus n.g., n.sp. (Nematomorpha, Chordodidae), parasites of a fossil cockroach, with a critical fossil hairworms and helminths examination of other of extant cockroaches (Insecta: Blattaria). Invertebr Biol 118:109–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poinar G Jr, Rykken J, LaBonte J (2004) Parachordodes tegonotus n.sp. (Gordioidea: Nematomorpha), a hairworm parasite of ground beetles (Carabidae: Coleoptera), with a summary of gordiid parasites of carabids. Syst Parasitol 58:139–148

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pompeckj JF (1927) Ein neues Zeugnis uralten Lebens. Paläontol Z 9:287–313

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramsköld L (1992) Homologies in Cambrian Onychophora. Lethaia 25:443–460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramsköld L, Chen J (1998) Cambrian lobopodians: morphology and phylogeny. In: Edgecombe GD (ed) Arthropods fossils and phylogeny. Columbia University Press, New York, pp 107–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Robison RA (1985) Affinities of Aysheaia (Onychophora), with description of new Cambrian species. J Paleontol 59:226–235

    Google Scholar 

  • Robison RA (1991) Middle Cambrian biotic diversity: examples from four Utah Lagerstätten. In: Simonetta AM, Conway Morris S (eds) The early evolution of Metazoa and the significance of problematic taxa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 77–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Robson EA (1964) The cuticle of Peripatopsis moseleyi. Q J Microsc Sci 105:281–299

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt-Rhaesa A (2006) Perplexites concerning the Ecdysozoa: a reply to Pilato et al. Zool Anz 244:205–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schoenemann B, Liu JN, Shu DG, Han J, Zhang ZF (2009) A miniscule optimized visual system in the Lower Cambrian. Lethaia 42:265–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steiner M, Li G, Qian Y, Zhu M, Erdtmann B-D (2007) Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian small shelly fossil assemblages and a revised biostratigraphic correlation of the Yangtze Platform (China). Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 254:67–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Storch V, Higgins RP, Morse P (1989) Ultrastructure of the body wall of Meiopriapulus fijiensis (Priapulida). Trans Am Microsc Soc 108(4):319–331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tarlo LBH (1967) Xenusion – onychophoran or coelenterate? Mercian Geol 2:97–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Roy P, Orr PJ, Botting JP, Muir LA, Vinther J, Lefebvre B, el Hariri K, Briggs DEG (2010) Ordovician faunas of Burgess Shale type. Nature 465:215–218

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • von Bitter PH, Purnell MA, Tetreault DK, Stott CA (2007) Eramosa Lagerstätte – exceptionally preserved soft-bodied biotas with shallow-marine shelly and bioturbating organisms (Silurian, Ontario, Canada). Geology 35:879–882

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walcott CD (1911) Cambrian geology and paleontology. II. – Middle Cambrian annelids. Smithson Misc Collects 57(5):109–144

    Google Scholar 

  • Waloszek D, Repetski JE, Maas A (2006) A new Late Cambrian pentastomid and a review of relationships of this parasitic group. Trans R Soc Edinb Earth Sci 96:163–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whittington HB (1978) The lobopod animal Aysheaia pedunculata Walcott, Middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale, British Columbia. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 284:165–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whittle RJ, Gabbott SE, Aldridge RJ, Theron J (2009) An Ordovician lobopodian from the Soom Shale Lagerstätte, South Africa. Palaeontology 52:561–567

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williamson DI (2009a) Caterpillars evolved from onychophorans by hybridogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:19901–19905

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williamson DI (2009b) Reply to Giribet: Caterpillars evolved from onychophorans by hybridogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:E132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson HM, Briggs DEG, Mikulic DG, Kluessendorf J (2004) Affinities of the Lower Silurian Waukesha ‘myriapod’. Geol Soc Am Abstr Programs 36:525

    Google Scholar 

  • Zamora S, Gozalo R, Liñán E (2009) Middle Cambrian gogiid echinoderms from Northeast Spain: taxonomy, palaeoecology, and palaeogeographic implications. Acta Palaeontol Pol 54:253–265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zantke J, Wolff C, Scholtz G (2008) Three-dimensional reconstruction of the central nervous system of Macrobiotus hufelandi (Eutardigrada, Parachela): implications for the phylogenetic position of Tardigrada. Zoomorphology 127:21–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Aldridge RJ (2007) Development and diversification of trunk plates of the Lower Cambrian lobopodians. Palaeontology 50:401–415

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Y, Zhu M, Babcock LE, Yuan J, Parsley RL, Peng J, Yang X, Wang Y (2005) Kaili Biota: a taphonomic window on diversification of metazoans from the basal Middle Cambrian: Guizhou, China. Acta Geol Sin 79:751–765

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhuravlev AYu (2005) Tardipolypodians. In: Ponomarenko AG (ed) Unique Sinsk localities of early Cambrian organisms (Siberian platform). Nauka, Moscow, pp 56–61 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhuravlev AYu, Gámez Vintaned JA, Liñán E (2011, in press) The Palaeoscolecida and the evolution of the Ecdysozoa. Palaeontogr Can 31

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank sincerely the Association pour l’Étude de l’Évolution Biologique, and Prof. Pierre Pontarotti (Université de Provence, Marseilles), organizers of the 14th Evolutionary Biology Meeting at Marseilles (France), for the invitation to participate in the meeting and to publish this paper. This is a contribution to the projects: Consolíder CGL2006–12975/BTE (“MURERO”; Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia-FEDER–EU, Spain), Grupo Consolidado E–17 (“Patrimonio y Museo Paleontológico”; Gobierno de Aragón), ACI2009–1307 (Ministerio de ciercia e Innovación, Spain), and IGCP 587 (“Of Identity, Facies and Time, the Ediacaran (Vendian) Puzzle”). JAGV received financial support from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain (“Juan de la Cierva” contract, ref. JCI-2009-05319). AZ benefited from the grants MI042/2006, Departamento de Ciencia, Tecnología y Universidad (Gobierno de Aragón) and CB 3/08 Programa Europa XXI de Estancias de Investigación (CAI–CONAI + D) 2008. Ms I. Pérez Urresti (MEC-European Social Fund-Universidad de Zaragoza) and Mrs Anastasia Besedina assisted with some of the drafting, and we are grateful for their contribution. Mr Ignacio Tacchini Ciudad (Instituto de Carboquímica, CSIC, Zaragoza) and Ms Ana Cristina Gallego Benedicto (Servicios de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad de Zaragoza) took the SEM micrographs.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Área de Paleontología, Depto. de Geología, Fac. de Biológicas, Universitat de València, c/Dr. Moliner, 50, Burjassot, E-46100, Spain

    José Antonio Gámez Vintaned

  2. Área y Museo de Paleontología, Depto. de Ciencias de la Tierra, Fac. de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza, E-50009, Spain

    Eladio Liñán & Andrey Yu. Zhuravlev

  3. Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevskiy pereulok, 7, Moscow, 119017, Russia

    Andrey Yu. Zhuravlev

Authors
  1. José Antonio Gámez Vintaned
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Eladio Liñán
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Andrey Yu. Zhuravlev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to José Antonio Gámez Vintaned .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. CNRS UMR 6632, Labo. Evolution Biologique et, Université d'Aix-Marseille, place Victor Hugo 3, Marseille CX 03, 13331, France

    Pierre Pontarotti

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gámez Vintaned, J.A., Liñán, E., Yu. Zhuravlev, A. (2011). A New Early Cambrian Lobopod-Bearing Animal (Murero, Spain) and the Problem of the Ecdysozoan Early Diversification. In: Pontarotti, P. (eds) Evolutionary Biology – Concepts, Biodiversity, Macroevolution and Genome Evolution. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20763-1_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation