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Life histories, Ökologie und Verhalten

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Verhaltensbiologie

Part of the book series: Springer-Lehrbuch ((SLB))

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Zusammenfassung

Jedes Tier durchläuft einen Lebenszyklus: es wird geboren, wächst, pflanzt sich fort und stirbt. Die Details eines Lebenszyklus unterscheiden sich dabei stark zwischen Arten sowie teilweise zwischen Individuen derselben Art. Diese Variabilität wird durch verschiedene Life history-Strategien beschrieben mit denen Individuen versuchen, ihre Fitness zu optimieren. Innerartliche Variabilität in Merkmalen, die Life history-Strategien charakterisieren, reflektiert demnach individuelle Anpassungen. Weil manche Verhaltensweisen direkte Bezüge zu erfolgreichem Überleben und Fortpflanzen aufweisen, ist es daher im Rahmen einer ultimaten Analyse des Verhaltens (→ Kapitel 1.1) notwendig, bestimmte Verhaltensweisen und -muster im Kontext von Life history-Strategien zu betrachten. Außerdem erfordert es die Natur der Bestandteile von Strategien, dass sich Individuen entscheiden, was sie als nächstes tun. Life history-Strategien haben daher auch wichtige Konsequenzen für das Verhalten; oft in der Form, dass bestimmte Verhaltensweisen mehr oder weniger wahrscheinlich werden.

Ich möchte in diesem Kapitel die wichtigsten Life history-Merkmale näher beleuchten und dabei deren Verbindungen mit dem Verhalten der Tiere betonen. Dieser Ansatz ist notwendig, um zu verstehen, wie eng einzelne Verhaltensmerkmale im Lauf des Lebens eines Individuums mit anderen Aspekten der Physiologie, Anatomie und Ökologie eines Organismus verzahnt und mit diesen funktionell verknüpft sind.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abt. Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum (DPZ), Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Deutschland

    Peter M. Kappeler

  2. Abt. Soziobiologie/Anthropologie, Universität Göttingen, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Deutschland

    Peter M. Kappeler

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Kappeler, P. (2012). Life histories, Ökologie und Verhalten. In: Verhaltensbiologie. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20653-5_2

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