Abstract
Electromagnetic fluctuation-induced forces between atoms and surfaces are generally known as Casimir–Polder interactions. The exact knowledge of these forces is rapidly becoming important in modern experimental set-ups and for technological applications. Recent theoretical and experimental investigations have shown that such an interaction is tunable in strength and sign, opening new perspectives to investigate aspects of quantum field theory and condensed-matter physics. In this chapter we review the theory of fluctuation-induced interactions between atoms and a surface, paying particular attention to the physical characterization of the system. We also survey some recent developments concerning the role of temperature, situations out of thermal equilibrium, and measurements involving ultra-cold atoms.
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- 1.
Note that when the dressed polarizability is used instead of the bare one, the polarizability has an imaginary part even in the absence of absorption (see discussion at the end of Sect. 11.2.4). This is equivalent to include the effects of the “radiative reaction” in the dynamic of the dipole [97, 101, 102] as required by the conservation of energy and the optical theorem.
- 2.
Reprinted figures with permission from C. I. Sukenik, M. G. Boshier, D. Cho, V. Sandoghdar, and E. A. Hinds, Phys. Rev.Lett. 70, 560 (1993). Copyright (1993) by the American Physical Society.
- 3.
Reprinted figure with permission from F. Shimizu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 987 (2001). Copyright (2001) by the American Physical Society.
- 4.
Reprinted figure with permission from H. Bender, P.W. Courteille, C. Marzok, C. Zimmermann, and S. Slama, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 083201 (2010). Copyright (2010) by the American Physical Society.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank H. Haakh for fruitful discussions and comments, and R. Behunin for a critical reading. F.I. and C.H. acknowledge support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the Humboldt foundation, and the European Science Foundation.
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Intravaia, F., Henkel, C., Antezza, M. (2011). Fluctuation-Induced Forces Between Atoms and Surfaces: The Casimir–Polder Interaction. In: Dalvit, D., Milonni, P., Roberts, D., da Rosa, F. (eds) Casimir Physics. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 834. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20288-9_11
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