Abstract
One of the conditions for distributed beam-wave interaction to occur is phase velocity smaller than \( c \). There are two relatively simple ways to slow down the phase velocity: (1) load a waveguide with dielectric material or (2) load a waveguide with periodic metallic or dielectric obstacles. The periodic metallic structure is usually the preferred solution in microwave devices since it has relatively low loss, it may sustain relatively high gradients and it may drain any stray electrons. Dielectric structures are virtually the only solution in the optical regime since metals have much higher loss. In addition, breakdown is not the major impediment but rather non-linear effects.
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Schächter, L. (2011). Periodic Structures. In: Beam-Wave Interaction in Periodic and Quasi-Periodic Structures. Particle Acceleration and Detection. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19848-9_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19848-9_5
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