Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Effect-Directed Analysis of Complex Environmental Contamination pp 267–283Cite as

Effects-Directed Studies of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 15))

Abstract

The history of effects-directed investigations of pulp and paper mill effluents has been driven primarily by the environmental effects associated with mill discharges. The first effect to confront the industry was acute toxicity to aquatic biota. Through a series of effects-directed studies in the 1970s and 1980s the causative agents were elucidated, subsequent regulations enacted, and effluent treatment technologies implemented to reduce the loadings of resin acids, chlorophenolics and other toxic compounds in mill discharges. Effects-directed investigations in the pulp and paper sector have since focused on other endpoints, primarily mutagenicity and endocrine disruption. Identification of these active substances has proven to be much more challenging due to the evolving complexities of effluent matrices and the intricacies of the responses themselves. Residual lignin in final effluents remains a significant barrier to the isolation and identification of low molecular weight bioactive substances. The evolution of analytical techniques (e.g., from XAD resins to SPE cartridges) coupled with new approaches (e.g., studying in-mill waste streams and fish tissue burdens of active substances) have nevertheless provided insights into the sources and identities of mutagens and endocrine disruptors. Active chemicals have been identified primarily using GC–MS with recent limited applications of LC–MS. A high proportion of substances originating from wood feedstocks have been identified or implicated in the effects studied. Differences in the patterns of effects between North and South American mill effluents may be reflective of the different tree species utilized. Careful selection of the endpoint used to direct such investigations, its reproducibility, robustness and linkages to whole organism responses and regulatory applications are emphasized.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Das BS, Reid SG, Betts JL, Patrick K (1969) J Fish Res Board Can 26:3055–3067

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Leach JM, Thakore AN (1973) J Fish Res Board Can 30:479–484

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Leach JM, Thakore AN, Manville JF (1975) J Fish Res Board Can 32:2556–2559

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Leach JM, Thakore AN (1975) J Fish Res Board Can 32:1249–1257

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Mckague AB (1981) Can J Fish Aquat Sci 38:739–743

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Kovacs T, Gibbons S, O'Connor B, Martel P, Paice M, Naish V, Voss R (2004) Water Qual Res J Can 39:93–102

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Reyes F, Chamorro S, Yeber MC, Vidal G (2009) Water Air Soil Pollut 199:183–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. US EPA (1991) Methods for aquatic toxicity identification evaluations: phase I toxicity characterization procedures, 2nd edn. Environmental Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN

    Google Scholar 

  9. Mckague AB, Lee EGH, Douglas GR (1981) Mutat Res 91:301–306

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kinae N, Hashizume T, Makita T, Tomita I, Kimura I, Kanamori H (1981) Water Res 15:25–30

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kinae N, Hashizume T, Makita T, Tomita I, Kimura I, Kanamori H (1981) Water Res 15:17–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Holmbom B, Voss RH, Mortimer RD, Wong A (1984) Environ Sci Technol 18:333–337

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Perez-Alzola LP, Santos MJ (1997) Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 395:107–112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Burnison BK, Hodson PV, Nuttley DJ, Efler S (1996) Environ Toxicol Chem 15:1524–1531

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Burnison BK, Comba ME, Carey JH, Parrott JL, Sherry JP (1999) Environ Toxicol Chem 18:2882–2887

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Martel PH, Kovacs TG, OConnor BI, Voss RH (1997) Environ Toxicol Chem 16:2375–2383

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Coakley J, Hodson PV, Van Heiningen A, Cross T (2001) Water Res 35:921–928

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Higashi RM, Cherr GN, Shenker JM, Macdonald JM, Crosby DG (1992) Environ Sci Technol 26:2413–2420

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Cherr GN, Fan TWM, Pillai MC, Shields T, Higashi RM (1993) Anal Biochem 214:521–527

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Zacharewski TR, Berhane K, Gillesby BE, Burnison BK (1995) Environ Sci Technol 29:2140–2146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Parrott JL, Jardine JJ, Blunt BR, McCarthy LH, McMaster ME, Wood CS, Roberts J, Carey JH (1999) Water Sci Technol 40:115–121

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Dube MG, MacLatchy DL (2001) Environ Toxicol Chem 20:985–995

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Dubé MG, MacLatchy DL (2000) Environ Toxicol Chem 19:2788–2796

    Google Scholar 

  24. Rickwood CJ, Dubé MG, Hewitt LM, Kovacs TG, MacLatchy DL (2006) Environ Toxicol Chem 25:1847–1856

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hewitt LM, Smyth SAM, Dube MG, Gilman CI, MacLatchy DL (2002) Environ Toxicol Chem 21:1359–1367

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Belknap A, MacLatchy DL, Solomon KR, Dubé MG, Hewitt LM (2006) Environ Toxicol Chem 25:2322–2333

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Shaughnessy KS, Belknap AM, Hewitt LM, Dube MG, MacLatchy DL (2007) Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 67:140–148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Jenkins R, Angus RA, McNatt H, Howell WM, Kemppainen JA, Kirk M, Wilson EM (2001) Environ Toxicol Chem 20:1325–1331

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Jenkins RL, Wilson EM, Angus RA, Howell WM, Kirk M (2003) Toxicol Sci 73:53–59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Jenkins RL, Wilson EM, Angus RA, Howell WM, Kirk M, Moore R, Nance M, Brown A (2004) Environ Health Perspect 112:1508–1511

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Parks LG, Lambright CS, Orlando EF, Guillette LJ, Ankley GT, Gray LE (2001) Toxicol Sci 62:257–267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Durhan EJ, Lambright C, Wilson V, Butterworth BC, Kuehl DW, Orlando EE, Guillette LJ, Gray LE, Ankley GT (2002) Environ Toxicol Chem 21:1973–1976

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ellis RJ, van den Heuvel MR, Smith MA, McCarthy LH, Stuthridge TR, Dietrich DR (2003) Environ Toxicol Chem 22:1448–1456

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Larsson DGJ, Adolfsson-Erici M, Thomas P (2006) Environ Toxicol Chem 25:419–427

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Parrott JL, Hewitt LM, Baker MA, Munkittrick KR (2000) Chemosphere 41:1083–1089

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Hewitt LM, Pryce AC, Parrott JL, Marlatt V, Wood C, Oakes K, Van Der Kraak GJ (2003) Environ Toxicol Chem 22:2890–2897

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Hewitt LM, Parrott JL, Wells KL, Calp MK, Biddiscombe S, McMaster ME, Munkittrick KR, Van Der Kraak GJ (2000) Environ Sci Technol 34:4327–4334

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Hewitt M, Schryer R, Pryce A, Belknap A, Firth B, Van Der Kraak GJ (2005) Water Qual Res J Can 40:315–327

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Carson JD, Jenkins RL, Wilson EM, Howell WM, Moore R (2008) Environ Toxicol Chem 27:1273–1278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Terasaki M, Shiraishi F, Fukazawa H, Makino M (2009) Environ Sci Technol 43:9300–9305

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Orrego R, Guchardi J, Hernandez V, Krause R, Roti L, Armour J, Ganeshakumar M, Holdway D (2009) Environ Toxicol Chem 28:181–188

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Basu N, Ta CA, Waye A, Mao JQ, Hewitt M, Arnason JT, Trudeau VL (2009) Environ Sci Technol 43:1635–1641

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Christman RF (1982) Environ Sci Technol 16:143A

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Lowell RB, Ring B, Patershank G, Walker SL, Trudel L, Hedley K (2005) National assessment of the pulp and paper environmental effects monitoring data: Findings from Cycles 1 through 3. NWRI Scientific Assessment Report Series #5, -40 p. 2005. National Water Research Institute, Burlington, ON.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Ellis RJ, van den Heuvel MR, Stuthridge TR, Ling N, Dietrich DR (2004) Lack of estrogenic and endocrine disrupting effects of juvenile rainbow trout exposed to a NZ pulp and paper effluent. In: Borton DL, Hall TJ, Fisher RP, Thomas JF (eds) Pulp and paper mill effluent environmental fate and effects. Destech, Lancaster, PA

    Google Scholar 

  46. Bowron LK, Munkittrick KR, McMaster ME, Tetreault GR, Hewitt LM (2009) Aquat Toxicol 95:117–132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Hewitt LM, Kovacs TG, Dube MG, MacLatchy DL, Martel PH, McMaster ME, Paice MG, Parrott JL, van den Heuvel MR, Van Der Kraak GJ (2008) Environ Toxicol Chem 27:682–697

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Jokela JK, Salkinojasalonen M (1992) Environ Sci Technol 26:1190–1197

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Lage LEC, Sant'Anna GL, Nobrega R (1999) Bioresour Technol 68:63–70

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Leiviska T, Nurmesniemi H, Poykio R, Ramo J, Kuokkanen T, Pellinen J (2008) Water Res 42:3952–3960

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Vidal G, Videla S, Diez MC (2001) Bioresour Technol 77:183–191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Suntio LR, Shiu WY, Mackay D (1988) Chemosphere 17:1249–1290

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Kringstad KP, Lindstrom K (1984) Environ Sci Technol 18:A236–A248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Leach JM, Thakore AN (1975) J Fish Res Board Can 32:1249–1257

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Kringstad KP, Lindström K (1984) Environ Sci Technol 18:236–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Folke J (1996) Future directions for environmental harmonization of pulp mills. St. Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL

    Google Scholar 

  57. Hewitt LM, Dube MG, Culp JM, MacLatchy DL, Munkittrick KR (2003) Hum Ecol Risk Assess 9:195–211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Sodergren A, Bengtsson BE, Jonsson P, Lagergren S, Larson A, Olsson M, Renberg L (1988) Water Sci Technol 20:49–60

    Google Scholar 

  59. McMaster ME, Hewitt LM, Parrott JL (2006) J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 9:319–339

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Orlando EF, Bass DE, Caltabiano LM, Davis WP, Gray LE, Guillette LJ (2007) Aquat Toxicol 84:399–405

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Sandström O, Neuman E (2003) Aquat Ecol 37:267–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Karels A, Markkula E, Oikari A (2001) Environ Toxicol Chem 20:1517–1527

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Orrego R, Moraga-Cid G, Gonzalez M, Barra R, Valenzuela A, Burgos A, Gavilan JE (2005) Environ Toxicol Chem 24:1935–1943

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Orrego R, Burgos A, Moraga-Cid G, Inzunza B, Gonzalez M, Valenzuela A, Barra R, Gavilan JE (2006) Environ Toxicol Chem 25:2280–2287

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Van Der Kraak GJ, Munkittrick KR, McMaster ME, Portt CB, Chang JP (1992) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 115:224–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Van Der Kraak GJ, Biddiscombe S (1999) Fish Physiol Biochem 20:115–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Wells K (2000) Environ Toxicol Chem 19:2059–2065

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Parrott JL, Wood CS (2002) Water Qual Res J Can 37:651–667

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Dubé MG, MacLatchy DL (2001) Environ Toxicol Chem 20:985–995

    Google Scholar 

  70. MacLatchy DL, Courtenay SC, Rice CD, Van Der Kraak GJ (2003) Environ Toxicol Chem 22:996–1008

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Parrott JL, van den Heuvel MR, Hewitt LM, Baker MA, Munkittrick KR (2000) Chemosphere 41:1083–1089

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Zacharewski T (1998) Environ Health Perspect 106:577–582

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Hodson PV, Maj MK, Efler S, Burnison BK, vanHeiningen ARP, Girard R, Carey JH (1997) Environ Toxicol Chem 16:908–916

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Belknap A, Shaughnessy K, MacLatchy DL, Solomon KR, Hewitt LM (2004) Method development for the identification of hormonally active components in bleached kraft chemical recovery condensates. In: Borton DL, Hall TJ, Fisher RP, Thomas JF (eds) Pulp and paper mill effluent environmental fate and effects. Destech, Lancaster, PA

    Google Scholar 

  75. Higashi RM, Cherr GN, Shenker JM, Macdonald JM, Crosby DG (1992) Environ Sci Technol 26:2413–2419

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Cherr GN, Fan TWM, Pillai MC, Shields T, Higashi RM (1993) Anal Biochem 214:521–527

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Pillai MC, Blethrow H, Higashi RM, Vines CA, Cherr GN (1997) Aquat Toxicol 37:139–156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Hewitt LM, Dube MG, Ribey SC, Culp JM, Lowell R, Hedley K, Kilgour B, Portt CB, MacLatchy DL, Munkittrick KR (2005) Water Qual Res J Can 40:261–274

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aquatic Ecosystem Protection Research Division, National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada

    Mark Hewitt

Authors
  1. Mark Hewitt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mark Hewitt .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. for Environmental Research, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, UFZ Helmholtz Centre, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig, 04318, Sachsen, Germany

    Werner Brack

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hewitt, M. (2011). Effects-Directed Studies of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents. In: Brack, W. (eds) Effect-Directed Analysis of Complex Environmental Contamination. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry(), vol 15. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18384-3_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation