Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Bryozoan Studies 2010 pp 217–236Cite as

Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis Confirms the Species Status of Electra verticillata (Ellis and Solander, 1786)

Species Status of Electra verticillata

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences ((LNESS,volume 143))

Abstract

Electra verticillata was original described by Ellis and Solander ((1786) The natural history of many curious and uncommon zoophytes collected from various parts of the globe by the late John Ellis, systematically arranged and described by the late D. Solander, London), and since then the species status of this bryozoan has been in dispute. Many bryozoologists considered E. verticillata as one variety of colony morphology of Electra pilosa (Linnaeus 1767). To test the species status of E. verticillata, we analysed DNA sequences from material from the Bay of Douarnenez (near Morgat, France), together with sequences from E. pilosa, E. posidoniae, E. scuticifera, E. indica, and Electra omanensis. Phylogenetic analyses based on fragments of the 18S, 16S and 12S ribosomal RNA genes confirmed the status of E. verticillata as a separate species. We also examined the morphology of specimens of E. pilosa and E. verticillata in various institutions as well as in own collections. This study revealed morphological and ecological differences between these two species and clarified the geographical distribution of E. verticillata.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Arístegui Ruiz J (1984) Briozoos quilostomados (Ectoprocta, Cheilostomata) de Canarias: estudio sistemático, faunístico y biogeográfico. Tesis Doctoral, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad de La Laguna, Las Palmas

    Google Scholar 

  • Barroso MG (1912) Briozoos de la Estación de Biología maritíma de santander. Trab Mus Cien Nat 5:1–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Barroso MG (1921) Notas sobre algunas especies de Briozoos de España. Especies del golfo de Valencia. Boletín Real Soc Esp Hist Nat Sec Biol 50:68–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Bobin G, Prenant M (1960) Electra verticillata (Ellis et Solander, 1786) Lamouroux 1816, (Bryozoaire Chilostome). Cah Biol Mar 1:121–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Borg F (1931) On some species of Membranipora. Ark Zool 22A:1–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosc L-A-G (1802) Histoire naturelle des Vers, III, 1st edn. Kessinger, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Canu F, Bassler RS (1925) Les bryozoaires du Maroc et de Mauritanie. Mém Soc Sci Nat Maroc 10:1–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Carus J-V (1893) Prodromus faunac mediterraneae. Vol. II. Part I. Bryozoa. E. Schweizerbarth'sche Verlagshandlung (E. Koch) Stuttgart pp 1–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook PL (1968) Polyzoa from west Africa. The Malacostega, Part 1. Bull Br Mus (Nat Hist) Zool 16:113–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook PL (1985) Bryozoa from Ghana. A preliminary survey. Ann Mus R Afr Cent Sci Zool Tervuren 238:1–315

    Google Scholar 

  • de Beauchamps P (1923) Etude de bionomie intercotidale. Les îles de Ré et de’Yeu. Arch Zool Exp Gen 61:455–520

    Google Scholar 

  • De Blauwe H (2009) Mosdiertjes van de Zuidelijke bocht van de Noordzee: determinatiewerk voor België en Nederland. Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee (VLIZ), Oostende

    Google Scholar 

  • Degnan SM (1993) The perils of single gene trees: mitochondrial versus single-copy nuclear DNA variation in white-eye (Aves: Zosteropidae). Mol Ecol 2:219–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis J, Solander D (1786) The natural history of many curious and uncommon zoophytes collected from various parts of the globe by the late John Ellis, systematically arranged and described by the late D. Solander. Benjamin White and Son, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Farre A (1837) Observations on the minute structure of some of the higher forms of Polypi, with views on a more natural arrangement of the class. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 127:387–426

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Felsenstein J (1981) Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: a maximum likelihood approach. J Mol Evol 17:368–376

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Felsenstein J (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783–791

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer P (1870) Bryozoaires, echinodermes et foraminifères de la Gironde. Act Soc Lin Bordeaux 27:1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Gautier Y-V (1954) Sur l’Electra pilosa des feuilles de Posidonies. Vie Milieu 5:65–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Gautier Y-V (1958) Bryozoaires marins actuels de Sicile. Atti Societa Peloritana Sci Fis Mat Nat 4:46–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Gautier Y-V (1962) Recherches écologiques sur les Bryozoaires Chilostomes en Méditerranée occidentale. Rec Trav Sta Mar Endoume 38(24):1–434

    Google Scholar 

  • Gmelin J-F (1789) Systema naturae (Linné), 13 edition, cura Joh-Frid. Gmelin. Vol. I, Part. 6. Stockholm. Zoophyta, pp 3753–3871

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon DP (2009) New bryozoan taxa from a new marine conservation area in New Zealand, with a checklist of Bryozoa from Greater Cook Strait. Zootaxa 1987:39–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Grechko VV (2002) Molecular DNA markers in phylogeny and systematics. Russ J Genet 38:851–868

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guérin-Gavinet G (1911) Contribution à l’étude des Bryozoaires des côtes armoricaines. I. Bryozoaires provenant de la rade de Brest et recueillis par le frères Crouan. Trav Sci Lab Zool Physiol Marit Concarneau 35:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Halanych KM, Janosik AM (2006) A review of molecular markers used for annelid phylogenetics. Integr Comp Biol 46:533–543

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hammer O, Harper DAT, Ryan PD (2001) PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. http://palaeoelectronica.org/. Accessed 13 May 2001

  • Hasegawa M, Kishino H, Yano T (1985) Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA. J Mol Evol 22:160–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayward PJ, Ryland JS (1998) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa: 1. Aeteoidea – Cribrilinoidea: notes for the identification of British species, vol 10, 2nd edn, Synopses of the British fauna (New Series). Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillis DM, Dixon MT (1991) Ribosomal DNA: molecular evolution and phylogenetic inference. Q Rev Biol 66:411–453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • d’Hondt J-L (1987) Bryozoaires littoraux de la côte basque française. Bull Cent Etudes Rech Sci Biarritz 15:43–52

    Google Scholar 

  • d’Hondt J-L, Goyffon M (2002) Observations complementaires sur le polymorphisme enzymatique d’Electra pilosa et d’E. verticillata (Bryozoaires Cheilostomes). Bull Soc Zool Fr 127:223–232

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamarck J-B (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres, vol II. Verdière, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamouroux J-V (1816) Histoire naturelle des polypiers coralligènes flexible, vulgairement nommès Zoophytes. F. Poisson, Caen

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamouroux J-V (1821) Exposition méthodique des genres de l’ordre des polypiers avec leur description et celle des principales espèces, figures dans 84 planches, les 63 premières appartenant à l’histoire naturelle des zoophytes d’Ellis et Solander. Agasse, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • López de la Cuadra CM (1991) Estudio sistemático de los briozoos queilostomados (Bryozoa: Cheilostomida) del Estrecho de Gibraltar y áreas próximas. Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad de Sevilla

    Google Scholar 

  • López de la Cuadra CM, García-Gómez JC (1988) Briozoos queilostomados del Estrecho de Gibraltar y áreas próximas. Cah Biol Mar 29:21–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcus E (1926) Beobachtungen und Versuche an lebenden Meeresbryozoen. Zool Jahrb (Syst) 52:1–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Menon NR, Nair NB (1975) Indian species of the division Malacostega (Polyzoa, Ectoprocta). Bryozoans from Indian waters. Mar Biol Ass India 17:553–579

    Google Scholar 

  • Nikulina EA (1999) Vosvyshaushiesa tzepochki – neobychnaya forma rosta Electra crustulenta var. arctica Borg 1931 (Bryozoa, Cheolostomata) [Raising chains – unusual growth form of Electra crustulenta var. arctica Borg, 1931 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)]. Vestnik MGU 2:40–44 (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nikulina EA (2006) Electra korobokkura sp. n., a new species of cheilostome bryozoan from the Pacific coast of Hokkaido, Japan. Inver Zool 3:23–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Nikulina EA (2007) Einhornia, a new genus for electrids formerly classified as the Electra crustulenta species group (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata). Schr Naturwiss Ver Schlesw-Holst 69:24–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Nikulina EA (2008a) Taxonomy and ribosomal DNA-based phylogeny of the Electra crustulenta species group (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) with revision of Borg’s varieties and description of Electra moskvikvendi sp. nov. from the Western Baltic Sea. Org Divers Evol 8:215–229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nikulina EA (2008b) Electra scuticifera sp. nov.: redescription of Electra pilosa from New Zealand as a new species (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata). Schr NaturwissVereins Schlesw-Holst 70:91–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Nikulina EA, Hanel R, Schäfer P (2007) Cryptic speciation and paraphyly in the cosmopolitan bryozoan Electra pilosa – impact of the Tethys closing on species evolution. Mol Phylogenet Evol 45:765–776

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norman A-M (1894) A month on the Trondjhem Fiord. Ann Mag Nat Hist 8(6):112–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Dea A, Okamura B (2000) Intracolony variation in zooid size in cheilostome bryozoans as a new technique for investigating palaeoseasonality. Palaeogeogr Palaeclimatol Palaeoecol 162:319–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pallas PS (1766) Elenchus Zoophytorum Sistens Generum Adumbrationes Generaliores et Specierum Cognitarum Succinctas Descriptiones cum Selectis Auctorum Synonymis. F. Varrentrapp, The Hague

    Google Scholar 

  • Palumbi SR, Martin A, Romano S, McMillan,WO, Stice L, Grabowski G (1991) The Simple Fool's Guide to PCR. Spec Publ, Dept Zool and Kewalo Mar Lab Univ Hawaii, Honolulu

    Google Scholar 

  • Palumbi SR, Baker CS (1994) Contrasting population structure from nuclear intron sequences and mtDNA of humpback whales. Mol Biol Evol 11:426–435

    Google Scholar 

  • Posada D, Buckley TR (2004) Advantages of AIC and Bayesian approaches over likelihood ratio tests for model selection in phylogenetics. Syst Biol 53:793–808

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Posada D, Crandall KA (1998) Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14:817–818

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell NA (1968) Bryozoa (Polyzoa) of Arctic Canada. J Fish Res Board Can 25:2269–2320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prenant M, Bobin G (1966) Bryozoaires, 2e partie. Chilostomes Anasca, vol 68, Faune de France. Fédération Française des Sociétés des Sciences Naturelles, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Rambaut A, Drummond AJ (2004) Tracer v1.3. http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer. Accessed 30 Nov 2009

  • Reverter-Gil O, Fernández-Pulpeiro E (2001) Inventario y cartografía de los briozoos marinos de Galicia (N.O. de España). Nova Acta Cient Compostel Monogr 1:1–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Rioja lo Bianco E (1920) Una campaña biológica en el Golfo de Valencia. Anales del Instituto General y Técnico de Valencia. Trab Lab Hidrobiol Esp 7:5–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez F, Oliver JF, Marín A, Medina JR (1990) The general stochastic model of nucleotide substitution. J Theor Biol 142:485–501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP (2003) MRBAYES 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19:1572–1574

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryland JS, De Blauwe H, Lord R, Mackie JA (2009) Recent discoveries of alien Watersipora (Bryozoa) in Western Europe, with redescriptions of species. Zootaxa 2093:43–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Smitt F-A (1867) Bryozoa marina in regionibus arcticis et borealibus viventia recensuit F.-A. Smitt. Öfvers Kongl Vetens Akad Förhand 24:443–487

    Google Scholar 

  • Swofford DL (2000) PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland

    Google Scholar 

  • Swofford DL, Olsen GJ (1990) Phylogenetic reconstruction. In: Hillis DM, Moritz C, Mable BK (eds) Molecular systematics, 2nd edn. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, pp 407–543

    Google Scholar 

  • Steentoft M, Irvine LM, Farnham WF (1995) Two terete species of Gracilaria and Gracilariopsis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) in Britain. Phycologia 34:113–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG (1997) The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4876–4882

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zabala M (1986) Fauna dels briozous dels Països Catalans, vol 84, Arxius de la Secció de Ciències. Institut d’Estudis Catalans, Barcelona, pp 1–836

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This project was funded by DFG research grant Scha355/27 (Germany). The work by Oscar Reverter-Gil was supported by the project “Fauna Ibérica: Briozoos I (Ctenostomados y Queilostomados Anascos)” (CGL2006-04167), co-financed by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spanish Government, and FEDER. ORG gratefully acknowledges a SYNTHESYS grant (GB-TAF-4454), which enabled a visit to the Natural History Museum London. We acknowledge Javier Souto for collecting specimens in Portugal and taking measurements, and Matthew Dick for reading the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zentrum für Baltische und Skandinavische Archäologie, Stiftung Schleswig-Holsteinische Landesmuseen, Schloss Gottorf, D-24837, Schleswig, Germany

    Elena A. Nikulina

  2. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, rue Vautier 29–1000 Brussels, Watergang 6, 8380, Dudzele, Belgium

    Hans De Blauwe

  3. Departamento de Zooloxía e Antropoloxía Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    Oscar Reverter-Gil (Facultade de Bioloxía)

Authors
  1. Elena A. Nikulina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hans De Blauwe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Oscar Reverter-Gil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elena A. Nikulina .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Christian-Abstrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Luedwig-Meyn-Straße 10, Kiel, 24118, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

    Andrej Ernst

  2. Olshausenstr. 40, Kiel, 24098, Germany

    Priska Schäfer

  3. Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senck, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt, 60325, Germany

    Joachim Scholz

Supplements

Supplements

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nikulina, E.A., De Blauwe, H., Reverter-Gil, O. (2013). Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis Confirms the Species Status of Electra verticillata (Ellis and Solander, 1786). In: Ernst, A., Schäfer, P., Scholz, J. (eds) Bryozoan Studies 2010. Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences, vol 143. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16411-8_15

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation