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Nanotribology and Nanomechanics II pp 293–344Cite as

Scale Effect in Mechanical Properties and Tribology

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Abstract

A model, which explains scale effects in mechanical properties and tribology is presented. Mechanical properties are scale dependent based on the strain gradient plasticity and the effect of dislocation-assisted sliding. Both single asperity and multiple asperity contacts are considered. The relevant scaling length is the nominal contact length – contact diameter for a single-asperity contact, and scan length for multiple-asperity contacts. For multiple asperity contacts, based on an empirical power-rule for scale dependence of roughness, contact parameters are calculated. The effect of load on the contact parameters and the coefficient of friction is also considered. During sliding, adhesion and two- and three-body deformation, as well as ratchet mechanism, contribute to the dry friction force. These components of the friction force depend on the relevant real areas of contact (dependent on roughness and mechanical properties), average asperity slope, number of trapped particles, and shear strength during sliding. Scale dependence of the components of the coefficient of friction is studied. A scale dependent transition index, which is responsible for transition from predominantly elastic adhesion to plastic deformation has been proposed. Scale dependence of the wet friction, wear, and interface temperature has been also analyzed. The proposed model is used to explain the trends in the experimental data for various materials at nanoscale and microscale, which indicate that nanoscale values of coefficient of friction are lower than the microscale values due to an increase of the three-body deformation and transition from elastic adhesive contact to plastic deformation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics, W390 Scott Laboratory, The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210–1142, USA

    Bharat Bhushan

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, EMS Building, Room E371G, Milwaukee, WI, 53201–0413, USA

    Michael Nosonovsky

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  1. Bharat Bhushan
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  2. Michael Nosonovsky
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Correspondence to Bharat Bhushan .

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  1. Nanoprobe Lab. for Bio- & Nanotechnology, Biomimetics (NLB²), Ohio State University, West 19th Avenue 201, Columbus, 43210-1142, Ohio, USA

    Bharat Bhushan

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Bhushan, B., Nosonovsky, M. (2011). Scale Effect in Mechanical Properties and Tribology. In: Bhushan, B. (eds) Nanotribology and Nanomechanics II. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15263-4_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15263-4_16

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