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Flowering Plants. Eudicots pp 357–407Cite as

Sapindaceae

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Part of the book series: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants ((FAMILIES GENERA,volume 10))

Abstract

Trees, treelets, shrubs, lianas or herbaceous climbers; cork superficial; stems of climbing species (i.e., Serjania, Paullinia, Urvillea, Houssayanthus, and Thinouia) usually with multiple vascular cylinders. Leaves pinnately or ternately compound or palmate, or rarely simple, alternate, rarely opposite; proximal leaflets seldom reduced, reflexed, and covering the stem to resemble a pair of stipules (pseudostipules), distal leaflet in most arboreal and shrubby species rudimentary; stipules present only in climbing species, minute to large. Inflorescences axillary, terminal, pseudo-terminal, cauliflorous or ramiflorous, thyrso-paniculate, racemose, spicate, or fasciculate, or flowers solitary. Flowers 5-merous, regular, or less often 4-merous and obliquely zygomorphic, bisexual or more often functionally unisexual by reduction (plants monoecious or rarely dioecious); sepals distinct or connate at base; petals usually white or light yellow, rarely 0, usually ornamented by an adaxial appendage; appendages variously shaped, mostly petaloid, simple, bifurcate, or hood-shaped, basally adnate to the petal or just a prolongation of petal margins, concealing the nectary; disk extrastaminal, annular or unilateral, often lobed, cup-shaped or dish-shaped, very rarely on both sides of the stamens or intrastaminal; stamens (3–)5–8(–30); filaments distinct or connate at base, equal or unequal in length; anthers dorsifixed or basifixed, introrse, opening by longitudinal slits; sterile stamens present in pistillate flowers; gynoecia syncarpous, (1–)3(–8)-carpellate; carpels with 1, 2, or exceptionally many (7–8 in Xanthoceras, 8 in Magonia) ovules; style terminal or exceptionally gynobasic (Deinbollia), 2–3-branched, or with simple, 2–3-lobed, capitate stigma, sometimes (Acer) the style branches elongate and the style nearly 0; pistil usually rudimentary in staminate flowers. Fruit a septifragal or loculicidal capsule, a schizocarp with winged or non-winged mericarps, baccate or rarely a drupe. Seeds sessile or exceptionally (Distichostemon) subtended by a funiculus, variously shaped, exalate or rarely winged, naked, with a partial to complete sarcotesta, or an arillode (arising from the integuments); embryo oily or starchy, lacking endosperm, notorhizal or lomatorhizal with straight, curved or plicate, fleshy cotyledons, the radicle often separated by a deep fold in the testa that forms a radicular pocket.

Sapindaceae Juss., Gen.: 246 (1789), nom. cons., “Sapindi”.

Aceraceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons.

Hippocastanaceae A. Rich. (1823), nom. cons.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Smithsonian Institution, Dept. of Botany, NMNH MRC-166, Washington, DC, 20560-0166, USA

    P. Acevedo-Rodríguez

  2. Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden branch, 9514, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands

    P. C. van Welzen, F. Adema & R. W. J. M. van der Ham

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  1. P. Acevedo-Rodríguez
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Correspondence to P. Acevedo-Rodríguez .

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    Klaus Kubitzki

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Acevedo-Rodríguez, P., van Welzen, P.C., Adema, F., van der Ham, R.W.J.M. (2010). Sapindaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. (eds) Flowering Plants. Eudicots. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol 10. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14397-7_17

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