Abstract
In this chapter, the principles of non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation are outlined. The kinetics of the interfacial segregation can be considered as the basic case of the non-equilibrium segregation. Several approaches to description of this phenomenon are given. Further, fundamentals of the “true” non-equilibrium segregation – thermally, radiation and stress induced one – are listed with attention to importance of the critical time of maximum non-equilibrium segregation. Last example of non-equilibrium segregation – segregation at migrating grain boundary – is briefly discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
R.G. Faulkner, Int. Mater. Rev. 41, 198 (1996)
D. McLean, Grain Boundaries in Metals (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1957)
P.E.J. Flewitt, R.K. Wild, Grain Boundaries: Their Microstructure and Chemistry (Wiley, Chichester, 2001)
G. Gottstein, L.S. Shvindlerman, Grain Boundary Migration in Metals: Thermodynamics, Kinetics, Applications (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1999)
A. Fraczkiewicz, A.-S. Gay, M. Biscondi, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 258, 108 (1998)
J. duPlessis, G.N. van Wyk, J. Phys. Chem. Solids. 49, 1441 (1988)
S.M. Bruemmer, R.H. Jones, M.T. Thomas, D.R. Baer, Metall. Trans. A 14, 223 (1989)
M. Militzer, J. Wieting, Acta Metall. 35, 2765 (1987)
G. Rowlands, D.P. Woodruff, Philos. Mag. A 40, 459 (1979)
M.P. Seah, Acta Metall. 25, 345 (1977)
M. Militzer, J. Wieting, Acta Metall. 34, 1229 (1986)
M. Militzer, J. Wieting, Surf. Sci. 192, L905 (1987)
M. Militzer, J. Wieting, Surf. Sci. 200, 342 (1988)
M. Militzer, Y.N. Ivashchenko, A.V. Krajnikov, P. Lejček, J. Wieting, S.A. Firstov, Surf. Sci. 261, 267 (1992)
S. Hofmann, J. Erlewein, Surf. Sci. 77, 591 (1978)
M.F. Boudjemaa, A. Mosser, J. Less Common Metals 145, 55 (1988)
K.J. Rowlings, S.D. Folias, B.J. Hopkins, Surf. Sci. 109, 513 (1981)
K.T. Aust, S.J. Armijo, E.F. Koch, J.A. Westbrook, Trans. ASM. 60, 360 (1967)
T.R. Anthony, Acta Metall. 17, 603 (1969)
S.J. Bercovichi, C.E.L. Hunt, P. Niessen, J. Mater. Sci. 5, 326 (1970)
P. Doig, P.E.J. Flewitt, Acta Metall. 29, 1831 (1981)
R.G. Faulkner, Acta Metall. 35, 2905 (1987)
T. Xu, B. Cheng, Prog. Mater. Sci. 49, 109 (2004)
T. Xu, J. Mater. Sci. 7, 241 (1988)
X.L. He, Y.Y. Chu, J.J. Jonas, Acta Metall. 37, 2905 (1989)
T. Xu, K. Wang, S. Song, Sci. China E-Tech. Sci. 52, 893 (2009)
C.L. Briant, Metall. Trans. A 16, 2061 (1985)
P. Maier, R.G. Faulkner, Mater. Charact. 51, 49 (2003)
L. Karlsson, Acta Metall. 36, 25 (1988)
R.G. Faulkner, S. Song, P.E.J. Flewitt, J. Nucl. Mater. 212–215, 608 (1994)
T. Shimoda, T. Nakamura, Acta Metall. 29, 1631 and 1637 (1981)
T.R. Allen, J.T. Busby, G.S. Was, E.A. Kenik, J. Nucl. Mater. 255, 44 (1998)
T.S. Duh, J.J. Kai, F.R. Chen, J. Nucl. Mater. 283–287, 198 (2000)
E.P. Simonen, L.A. Chariot, S.M. Bruemmer, J. Nucl. Mater. 225, 117 (1995)
L. Fournier, B.H. Spencer, G.S. Was, E.P. Simonen, S.M. Bruemmer, J. Nucl. Mater. 321, 192 (2003)
S. Watanabe, N. Sakaguchi, N. Hashimoto, M. Nakamura, H. Takahashi, C. Namba, N.Q. Lain, J. Nucl. Mater. 232, 113 (1996)
T. Ezawa, E. Wakai, R. Oshima, J. Nucl. Mater. 283–287, 244 (2000)
N. Sakaguchi, S. Watanabe, H. Takahashi, J. Mater. Sci. 40, 889 (2005)
N. Sakaguchi, S. Watanabe, H. Takahashi, Nucl. Instrum. Methods. Phys. Res. B 153, 142 (1999)
A.Y. Lozovoi, A.T. Paxton, Phys. Rev. B 77, 165413 (2008)
M.J. Hackett, J.T. Busby, G.S. Was, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 39, 218 (2008)
M.J. Hackett, R. Najafabadi, G.S. Was, J. Nucl. Mater. 389, 279 (2009)
G.S. Was, J.T. Busby, Philos. Mag. 85, 443 (2005)
S.-H. Song, H. Zhuang, J. Wu, L.-Q. Weng, Z.-X. Yuan, T.-H. Xi, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 486, 433 (2008)
R.G. Faulkner, J. Mater. Sci. 16, 373 (1981)
M. Militzer, W.P. Sun, J.J. Jonas, Acta Metall. Mater. 42, 133 (1994)
J.W. Rutter, K.T. Aust, Trans. AIME. 218, 682 (1960)
P.-R. Cha, S.G. Kim, D.-H. Yeon, J.-K. Yoon, Acta Mater. 50, 3817 (2002)
J. Kameda, Acta Metall. 34, 1721 (1986)
J. Li, J. Wang, G. Yang, Acta Mater. 57, 2108 (2009)
N. Ma, S.A. Dregia, Y. Wang, Acta Mater. 51, 3687 (2003)
S.H. Zhang, X.L. He, T. Ko, J Mater. Sci. 29, 2655 (1994)
S.H. Zhang, X.L. He, T. Ko, J Mater. Sci. 29, 2663 (1994)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lejček, P. (2010). Principles of Non-equilibrium Segregation. In: Grain Boundary Segregation in Metals. Springer Series in Materials Science, vol 136. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12505-8_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12505-8_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-12504-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-12505-8
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)