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Frame-Based and Frameless Accuracy of Novalis® Radiosurgery

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Abstract

Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) is a method of precisely delivering high doses of radiation to destroy ­targeted areas of abnormal tissue. Stereotactic Radio­surgery (SRS) and Stereotactic Radiotherapy (SRT) are effectively being used in the treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVM), trigeminal neuralgia (TN), and malignant or benign brain tumors, while minimizing the amount of radiation delivered to surrounding normal tissue (Khan 2003). Over 50 years ago the first trigeminal neuralgia case was treated radiosurgically by Lars Leksell (Leksell 1951). Leksell developed the SRS procedure to destroy dysfunctional loci using Orthovoltage X-rays, and particle accelerators. He subsequently introduced the Gamma Knife™ (Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden) device using 60Co sources (Leksell 1968). Linear Accelerator (LINAC) based SRS technique was first proposed by Borje Larsson in 1974 (Larsson et al. 1974). This technique is based on methods of geometric superposition, using at least 300° of multiple non-coplanar arcs converged at the target to give a spherical dose distribution with rapid dose fall-off. LINAC-based SRS systems, such as the X-knife™ (Radionics, Burlington, MA, USA) system, are more common than Gamma Knife systems, and can be less expensive. The clinical differences between Gamma Knife systems and LINAC-based systems are insignificant. Both systems use stereotactic frames for immobilization and localization. The frame-based procedure involves placement of a stereotactic frame on the patient’s skull, localization of the target coordinates using an imaging technique, treatment planning, and finally the treatment delivery. There are two advantages to the frame-based SRS technique, i.e., sub-millimeter geometric accuracy of treatment delivery system, and high conformity with steep dose gradients. Various SRS techniques have been developed and clinically used. These include Gamma Knife, LINAC-based SRS, frameless SRS3 (Cyberknife®, Novalis® Radiosurgery), and charged particle accelerators such as proton beam SRS (Khan 2003).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, 4950 Sunset Blvd, 90047, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Javad Rahimian, Michael R. Girvigian & Michael J. Miller

  2. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Javad Rahimian

  3. Department of Neurological Surgery, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Joseph C. T. Chen

  4. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Joseph C. T. Chen

  5. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Michael R. Girvigian

  6. Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA

    Rombod Rahimian

Authors
  1. Javad Rahimian
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  2. Joseph C. T. Chen
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  3. Michael R. Girvigian
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  4. Michael J. Miller
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  5. Rombod Rahimian
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Javad Rahimian .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Neurosurgery and Radiation, University of California, Le Conte Ave. 10495, Los Angeles, 90095, California, USA

    Antonio A. F. De Salles

  2. UCLA Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Le Conte Ave 10945, Los Angeles, 90095, California, USA

    Alessandra Gorgulho

  3. David Geffen School of Medicine, Dept. Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA Medical Plaza 200, Los Angeles, 90095, California, USA

    Nzhde Agazaryan

  4. , Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Netherlands

    Ben Slotman

  5. David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, UCLA Medical Plaza 200, Los Angeles, 90095, California, USA

    Michael Selch

  6. BrainLAB, Inc., Westbrook Corporate Center 3, Westchester, 60154, Illinois, USA

    Aaaron J. Burwick

  7. Shaped-Beam Radiosurgery, Varian Medical Systems, Inc., Hansen Way 3100, Palo Alto, 94304, California, USA

    Raymond Schulz

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© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Rahimian, J., Chen, J.C.T., Girvigian, M.R., Miller, M.J., Rahimian, R. (2011). Frame-Based and Frameless Accuracy of Novalis® Radiosurgery. In: De Salles, A., et al. Shaped Beam Radiosurgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11151-8_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11151-8_4

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-11150-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-11151-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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