Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Evidence-Based Practice: Toward Optimizing Clinical Outcomes pp 133–147Cite as

Evidence-Based Issues in Maxillofacial Trauma

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 2401 Accesses

Abstract

Injuries to the maxillofacial region sometimes result in significant physical disfigurement and psychological debilitations. In spite of several techniques and technologies currently available for treatment, the residual long-term impact of maxillofacial injury on an individual is still considerable. Some maxillofacial injuries are particularly more challenging to manage and are often associated with suboptimal aesthetic and functional outcomes. Periodic appraisal of epidemiological and clinical evidences in maxillofacial traumatology is desirable in order to formulate measures to optimize both preventive and therapeutic outcomes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Adeyemo WL, Ladeinde AL, Ogunlewe MO et al (2005) Trends and characteristics of oral and maxillofacial injuries in Nigeria: a review of the literature. Head Face Med 1:7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Akadiri OA (2009) Zygomatico-orbital fractures: a case report. Nigerian J Orthop Trauma 8:37–40

    Google Scholar 

  3. Aksoy E, Ünlü E, Ömer S et al (2002) A retrospective study on epidemiology and treatment of maxillofacial fractures. J Craniofac Surg 13:772–775

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Alkan A, Metin M, Muglali M et al (2007) Biomechanical comparison of plating techniques for fractures of the mandibular condyle. Br J of Oral Maxillofac Surg 45:145–149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Andersson J, Hallmer F, Eriksson L (2007) Unilateral mandibular condylar fractures: 31-year follow-up of non-surgical treatment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 36:310–314

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Antoun JS, Lee KH (2008) Sports-related maxillofacial fractures over an 11-year period. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 66:504–508

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Asprino L, Consani S, De Moraes M (2006) A comparative biomechanical evaluation of mandibular condyle fracture plating techniques. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 64:452–456

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Assael LA (2003) Open versus closed reduction of adult mandibular condyle fractures: an alternative interpretation of the evidence. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61:1333–1339

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Baker AW, McMahon J, Moss KF (1998) Current consensus on the management of fractures of the mandibular condyle. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 27:258–266

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Bank P, Brown A (2001) Fractures of the facial skeleton. Wright, Oxford, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  11. Banks PA (1998) Pragmatic approach to the management of condylar fractures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 27:244–246

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Bhavsar D, Barkdull G, Berger J et al (2008) A novel surgical approach to subcondylar fractures of mandible. J Craniofac Surg 1:496–499

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Bormann K-H, Wild S, Gellrich N-C et al (2009) Five-year retrospective study of mandibular fractures in Freiburg, Germany: incidence, etiology, treatment, and complications. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67:1251–1255

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Bos RR, Ward Booth RP, de Bont LG (1999) Mandibular condyle fractures: a consensus. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 37:87–89

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Brandt MT, Haug RH (2003) Open versus closed reduction of adult mandibular condyle fractures: a review of the literature regarding the evolution of current thoughts on management. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61:1324–1332

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Brown DJ, Cowpe JG (1985) Pattern of maxillofacial trauma in two different cultures. J R Coll Surg Edinb 30:299–302

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Chakraborty SK (2007) Subcondylar fracture: open reduction and bone plating. MJAFI 63:85–87

    Google Scholar 

  18. Choi J, Oh N, Kim IK (2005) A follow-up study of condyle fracture in children. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 34:851–858

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Choi BH, Yi CK, Yoo JH (2001) Clinical evaluation of 3 types of plate osteosynthesis for fixation of condylar neck fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 59:734–737

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Choi BH, Yoo JH (1999) Open reduction of condylar neck fractures with exposure of the facial nerve. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 88:292–296

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Dahlstrom L, Kahnberg KE, Lindahl L (1989) 15 years follow-up on condylar fractures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 8:18–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Davis BR, Powell JE, Morrison AD (2005) Free-grafting of mandibular condyle fractures: clinical outcomes in 10 consecutive patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 34:871–876

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. De Riu G, Gamba U, Anghinoni M et al (2001) A comparison of open and closed treatment of condylar fractures: a change in philosophy. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 30:384–389

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Deleyiannis FW, Vecchione L, Martin B et al (2006) Open reduction and internal fixation of dislocated condylar fractures in children: long-term clinical and radiologic outcomes. Ann Plast Surg 57:495–501

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Devlin M, Hislop W, Carton A (2002) Open reduction and internal fixation of fractured mandibular condyles by a retromandibular approach: surgical morbidity and informed consent. Br J Oral Maxillofac 40:23–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Eckelt U, Schneider M, Erasmus F et al (2006) Open versus closed treatment of fractures of the mandibular condylar process: a prospective randomized multi-centre study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 34:306–314

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Egan KK, Kim DW, Byrne P et al (2009) Facial Trauma, Nasoethmoid Fractures. www.emedicine.com Accessed 06 May 2009

  28. Ellis E (2000) Condylar process fractures of the mandible. Facial Plast Surg 16:193–205

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Ellis E, Moos KF, El-Attar A (1985) Ten years of mandibular fractures: an analysis of 2, 137 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 59:120–129

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Ellis E, Simon P, Throckmorton GS (2000) Occlusal results after open or closed treatment of fractures of the mandibular condylar process. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 58:260–268

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Ellis E, Throckmorton G (2000) Facial symmetry after closed and open treatment of fractures of the mandibular condylar process. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 58:719–728

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Ellis E, Throckmorton GS (2005) Treatment of mandibular condyle process fractures: biological considerations. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 63:115–134

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Ellis E III, Throckmorton GS, Palmieri C (2000) Open treatment of condylar process fractures: assessment of adequacy of repositioning and maintenance of stability. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 58:27–34

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Fasola AO, Denloye OO, Obiechina AE et al (2001) Facial bone fractures in Nigerian children. Afr J Med Med Sci 30:67–70

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Fasola AO, Nyako EA, Obiechina AE et al (2003) Trends in the characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in Nigeria. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61:1140–1143

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Fasola AO, Obiechina AE, Arotiba JT (2000) Sports related maxillofacial fractures in 77 Nigerian patients. Afr J Med Med Sci 29:215–217

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Fasola AO, Obiechina AE, Arotiba JT (2003) Incidence and pattern of maxillofacial fractures in the elderly. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 32:206–208

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Fisher J, Kraus H, Lewis VL (1990) Assaulted women, maxillofacial injuries in rape and domestic violence. Plast Reconstr Surg 86:161–162

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Garri JA, Perlyn CA, Johnson MG et al (1999) Patterns of maxillofacial injuries in powered watercraft collisions. Plast Reconstr Surg 104:922–927

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Gassner R, Tuli T, Hachl O et al (2003) Cranio-maxillofacial trauma: a 10 year review of 9543 cases with 21 067 injuries. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 31:51–61

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Goldman KE (2005) Fractures of the mandible: condylar and subcondylar. e Medicine World Medical Library 2:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  42. Guven O, Keskin A (2001) Remodelling following condylar fractures in children. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 29:232–237

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Haug RH, Brandt MT (2003) Open versus closed reduction of adult mandibular condyle fractures: a review of the literature regarding the evolution of current thoughts on management. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61:1324–1332

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Haug RH, Brandt MT (2004) Traditional versus endoscope-assisted open reduction with rigid internal fixation (ORIF) of adult mandibular condyle fractures: a review of literature regarding current thoughts on management. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62:1272–1279

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Hayward JR, Richard FC (1993) Fractures of mandibular condyle. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 51:57–61

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Hidding J, Wolf R, Pingel D (1992) Surgical versus non surgical treatment of fractures of the articular process of the mandible. J Craniomaxfac Surg 20:345–347

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Hill CM, Burford K, Martin A et al (1998) A one-year review of maxillofacial sports injuries treated at an accident and emergency department. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 36:44–47

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Hlawitschka M, Ecklet U (2002) Assessment of patients treated for intra-capsular fractures of the mandibular condyle by closed techniques. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 60:784–791

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Holmes P-J, Koehler J, McGwin G et al (2004) Frequency of maxillofacial injuries in All-Terrain vehicle collisions. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62:697–701

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Hovinga J, Boering G, Stegenga B (1999) Long-term results of nonsurgical management of condylar fractures in children. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 28:429–440

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Hussain OT, Nayyar MS, Brady FA et al (2006) Speeding and maxillofacial injuries: impact of the introduction of penalty points for speeding offences. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 44:15–19

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Hutchison IL, Magennis I, Shepherd IJ et al (1998) The BAOMS United Kingdom survey of facial injuries part 1: aetiology and the association with alcohol consumption. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 36:3–13

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Hyde N, Manisali M, Aghabeigi B et al (2002) The role of open reduction and internal fixation in unilateral fractures of the mandibular condyle: a prospective study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 40:19–22

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Iida S, Hassfeld S, Reuther T et al (2003) Maxillofacial fractures resulting from falls. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 31:278–283

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Iida S, Kogo M, Sugiura T et al (2001) Retrospective analysis of 1502 patients with facial fractures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 30:286–290

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Iida S, Matsuya T (2002) Paediatric maxillofacial fractures: their aetiological characters and fracture patterns. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 30:237–241

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Ishihama K, Iida S, Kimura T et al (2007) Comparison of surgical and nonsurgical treatment of bilateral condylar fractures based on maximal mouth opening. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 25:16–22

    Google Scholar 

  58. Joos U, Kleinheinz J (1998) Therapy of condylar neck fractures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 27:247–254

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Kadkhodaie MH (2006) Three-year review of facial fractures at a teaching hospital in northern Iran. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 44:229–231

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Kempers KG, Quinn PD, Silverstein K (1999) Surgical approaches to mandibular condylar fractures: a review. J Craniomaxillofac Trauma 5:25–30

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Klenk G, Kovacs A (2003) Etiology and patterns of facial fractures in the United Arab emirates. J Craniofac Surg 14:78–84

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Konstantinovic VS, Dimitrijevic B (1992) Surgical versus conservative treatment of unilateral condylar process fractures: clinical and radiographic evaluation of 80 patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 50:349–352; discussion 52–53

    Google Scholar 

  63. Kotecha S, Scannell J, Monaghan A et al (2008) A four year retrospective study of 1,062 patients presenting with maxillofacial emergencies at a specialist paediatric hospital. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 46:293–296

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Kummoona R (2008) Posttraumatic missile injuries of the orofacial region. J Craniofac Surg 19:300–305

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Landes CA, Lipphardt R (2005) Prospective evaluation of a pragmatic treatment rationale: open reduction and internal fixation of displaced and dislocated condyle and condylar head fractures and closed reduction of non-displaced, non-dislocated fractures. Part I: condyle and subcondylar fractures. Int J Oral and Maxillofac Surgery 34:859–780

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Landes CA, Lipphardt R (2006) Prospective evaluation of a pragmatic treatment rationale: open reduction and internal fixation of displaced and dislocated condyle and condylar head fractures and closed reduction of non-displaced, non-dislocated fractures. Part II: high condylar and condylar fractures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 35:115–126

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Laverick S, Patel N, Jones DC (2008) Maxillofacial trauma and the role of alcohol. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 46:542–546

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Lee CSM, Young DM (2000) Cranial nerve VII region of the traumatized facial skeleton: optimizing fracture repair with the endoscope. J Craniomaxillofac Trauma 48:423

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Lindahl L, Hollender L (1977) Condylar fractures of the mandible. A radiographic study of remodeling processes in the temporomandibular joint. Int J Oral Surg 6:153–165

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Long X, Goss AN (2007) A sheep model of intracapsular condylar fracture. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 65:1102–1108

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Loukota RA, Eckelt U, De Bont L et al (2005) Subclassification of fractures of the condylar process of the mandible. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 43:72–73

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. LR HM, Eckelt U (2005) Functional and radiological results of open and closed treatment if intracapsular (diacapitular) condylar fractures of the mandible. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 34:597–604

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Maladière E, Bado F, Meninguad JP et al (2001) Aetiology and incidence of facial fractures sustained during sports: a prospective study of 140 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 30:291–295

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Marker P, Nielsen A, Lehmann BH (2000) Fractures of the mandibular condyle. Part 2: results of treatment of 348 patients. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 38:422–426

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Mitchell DA (1997) A multicentre audit of unilateral fractures of the mandibular condyle. Br J Oral Maxillofac 35:230–236

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Moss ML (1997) The functional matrix hypothesis revisited. The role of mechanotransduction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 112:8–11

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Mourouzis C, Koumoura F (2005) Sports-related maxillofacial fractures: a retrospective study of 125 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 34:635–638

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Newman L (1998) A clinical evaluation of the long-term outcome of patients treated for bilateral fracture of the mandibular condyles. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 36:176–179

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Nussbaum ML, Laskin DM, Best AM (2008) Closed versus open reduction of mandibular condylar fractures in adults: a meta-analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 66:1087–1092

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Oginni FO, Ugboko VI, Ogundipe O et al (2006) Motorcycle-related maxillofacial injuries among Nigerian intracity road users. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 64:56–62

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Olasoji HO (1999) Maxillofacial injuries due to assault in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Trop Doc 29:106–108

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Olasoji HO, Tahir A, Arotiba GT (2002) Changing picture of facial fractures in northern Nigeria. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 40:140–143

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Olasoji HO, Tahir A, Bukar A (2002) Jaw fractures in Nigerian children: an analysis of 102 cases. Cent Afr J Med 48:109–112

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Palmieri C, Ellis E, Throckmorton G (1999) Mandibular motion after close and open treatment of unilateral mandibular condylar process fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 57:764–775

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Paza AO, Abuabara A, Passeri LA (2008) Analysis of 115 Mandibular angle fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 66:73–76

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Perkins CS, Layton SA (1988) The aetiology of maxillofacial injuries and the seat belt law. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 206:353–363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Puzovic D, Vitomir S, Konstantinović KM (2004) Evaluation of maxillofacial weapon injuries: 15-year experience in Belgrade. J Craniofac Surg 15:543–546

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Rallis G, Mourouzis C, Ainatzoglou M et al (2003) Plate osteosynthesis of condylar fractures: a retrospective study of 45 patients. Quintessence Int 34:45–49

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Ramli R, Abdul Rahman R, Abdul Rahman N et al (2008) Pattern of maxillofacial injuries in motorcyclists in Malaysia. J Craniofac Surg 19:316–321

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Roccia F, Diaspro A, Nasi A et al (2008) Management of sport-related maxillofacial injuries. J Craniofac Surg 19:377–382

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Rowe NL, Kelley HC (1968) Fractures of the facial skeleton, 2nd edn. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 80–92

    Google Scholar 

  92. Rutges JPHJ, Kruizinga EHW, Rosenberg A et al (2007) Functional results after treatment of fractures of the mandibular condyle. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 45:30–34

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Ryu SY, Hwang U, Yang KH (2004) Remodelling after conservative management of the mandibular condyle fracture in children. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 30:49–55

    Google Scholar 

  94. Sakr K, Farag IA, Zeitoun IM (2006) Review of 509 mandibular fractures treated at the University Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 44:107–111

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Santler G, Karcher H, Ruda C et al (1999) Fractures of the condylar process: surgical versus nonsurgical treatment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 57:392–397; discussion 97–98

    Google Scholar 

  96. Schön R, Roveda SIL, Carter B (2001) Mandibular fractures in Townsville, Australia: incidence, aetiology and treatment using the 2.0 AO/ASIF miniplate system. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 39:145–148

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Silvennoinen U, Iizuka T, Pernu H et al (1995) Surgical treatment of condylar process fractures using axial anchor screw fixation: a preliminary follow-up study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 53:884–893

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Simsek S, Simsek B, Abubaker AO et al (2007) A comparative study of mandibular fractures in the United States and Turkey. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 36:395–397

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Smets LM, Van Damme PA, Stoelinga PJ (2003) Non-surgical treatment of condylar fractures in adults: a retrospective analysis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 31:162–167

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. SR LG (1999) Endoscope-assisted fixation of mandibular condylar process fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 57:75–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Stiesch-Scholz M, Schmidt S, Eckardt A (2005) Condylar motion after open and closed treatment of mandibular condylar fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 63:1304–1309

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Takenoshita Y, Ishibashi H, Oka M (1990) Comparison of functional recovery after nonsurgical and surgical treatment of condylar fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 48:1191–1195

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Talwar RM, Ellis E III, Throckmorton GS (1998) Adaptations of the masticatory system after bilateral fractures of the mandibular condylar process. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 56:430–439

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Tanaka N, Hayashi S, Amagasa T et al (1996) Maxillofacial fractures sustained during sports. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 54:715–719

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Tasanen A, Lamberg MA (1976) Transosseous wiring in the treatment of condylar fractures of the mandible. J Maxillofac Surg 14:200–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. Telfer MR, Jones GM, Shepherd IR (1991) Trends in the etiology of maxillofacial fractures in the United Kingdom (1977–1987). Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 29:250

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Terai H, Shimahara M (2004) Closed treatment of condylar fractures by intermaxillary fixation with thermoforming plates. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 42:61–63

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Thomson WM, Stephenson S, Kieser JA (2003) Dental and maxillofacial injuries among older New Zealanders during the 1990s. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 32:201–205

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Throckmorton GS, Ellis E (2000) Recovery of mandibular motion after closed and open treatment of unilateral mandibular condylar process fractures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 29:421–427

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Throckmorton GS, Ellis E, Hayasaki H (2003) Jaw kinematics during mastication following unilateral fractures of the mandibular condylar process. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 124:695–707

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. Throckmorton GS, Ellis E, Hayasaki H (2004) Masticatory motion after surgical or nonsurgical treatment for unilateral fractures of the mandibular condylar process. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62:127–138

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Tominaga K, Habu M, Khanal A et al (2006) Biomechanical evaluation of different types of rigid internal fixation techniques for subcondylar fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 64:1510–1515

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Trost O, Kadlub N, Abu El-Naaj I et al (2007) Surgical management of mandibular condylar fractures in adults in France. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac108:183–188

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Ugboko VI, Odusanya SA, Fagade OO (1998) Maxillofacial fractures in a semi-urban Nigerian teaching hospital. A review of 442 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 27:286–289

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Van Beek GJ, Merkx CA (1999) Changes in the pattern of fractures of the maxillofacial skeleton. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 28:424–428

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Villarreal PM, Monje F, Junquera LM et al (2004) Mandibular condyle fractures: determinants of treatment and outcome. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62:155–163

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Walker RV (1994) Condylar fractures: nonsurgical management. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 52:1185–1188

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Widmark G, Bagenholm T, Kahnberg KE et al (1996) Open reduction of subcondylar fractures. A study of functional rehabilitation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 25:107–111

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Worsaae N, Thorn JJ (1994) Surgical versus nonsurgical treatment of unilateral dislocated low subcondylar fractures: a clinical study of 52 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 52:353–360; discussion 60–61

    Google Scholar 

  120. Yang WG, Chen CT, Tsay PK et al (2002) Functional results of open versus closed reduction of mandibular condyle fractures: a systematic review of comparative studies of 107 unilateral mandibular condylar process fractures after open and closed treatment. J Trauma 52:498–500

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Zachariades N, Mezitis M, Mourouzis C et al (2006) Fractures of the mandibular condyle: a review of 466 cases. Literature review of reflections on treatment and proposals. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 34:421–432

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Zide MF, Kent JN (1983) Indications for open reduction of mandibular condyle fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 41:89–98

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Zimmermann CE, Troulis MJ, Kaban LB (2005) Pediatric facial fractures: recent advances in prevention, diagnosis and management. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 34:823–833

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Hacourt, 212, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

    Oladimeji Adeniyi Akadiri & Babatunde Olayemi Akinbami

  2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, PMB 5116, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

    Abiodun Olubayo Fasola

Authors
  1. Oladimeji Adeniyi Akadiri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Babatunde Olayemi Akinbami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Abiodun Olubayo Fasola
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Oladimeji Adeniyi Akadiri .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Dentistry, Div. Oral Biology & Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095-1668, USA

    Francesco Chiappelli

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Akadiri, O.A., Akinbami, B.O., Fasola, A.O. (2010). Evidence-Based Issues in Maxillofacial Trauma. In: Chiappelli, F. (eds) Evidence-Based Practice: Toward Optimizing Clinical Outcomes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05025-1_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05025-1_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-05024-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-05025-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation