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Handbook of Applied Spatial Analysis pp 197–217Cite as

The Nature of Georeferenced Data

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Abstract

Georeferenced data or spatial data (we use the terms interchangeably here) come in many forms. Geometrically speaking, such data refer either to points, lines or areas – spatial objects or features. Spatial interaction data record flows between the nodes (intersection points) of a network. These data are captured in an origindestination matrix where the number of rows and columns of the matrix correspond to the nodes of the network and the entry on row i and column j records the total flow from node i to node j (Fischer 2000). Spatial tracking data records the movement of individuals (or groups) over time between areas or the nodes of a network (Goodchild 1998; Frank et al. 2001). The rows of the tracking matrix are the individuals, the columns are time periods and the entry on row i and column j records the location of individual i in time period j. These data can be used to estimate transition matrices where the entry on row i and column j of the transition matrix records the probability of any individual going from area i to area j in an interval of time (Wilson and Bennett 1985, pp.107-109 and pp.250-280). In these two cases the spatial objects (nodes, network links, areas) remain fixed – and motion takes place over this static spatial backdrop – but over time the point, line and area features themselves can for example move, grow, shrink, split and change form (Frank 2001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Robert P. Haining

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  1. Robert P. Haining
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Correspondence to Robert P. Haining .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Inst. Wirtschaftsgeographie und, Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, Nordbergstraße 15/4, Vienna, 1090, Austria

    Manfred M. Fischer

  2. Dept. Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, 92182-4493, U.S.A.

    Arthur Getis

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Haining, R.P. (2010). The Nature of Georeferenced Data. In: Fischer, M., Getis, A. (eds) Handbook of Applied Spatial Analysis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03647-7_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03647-7_12

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