Abstract
The design and characterization of a fully automated and portable capillary waveguide biosensor are discussed in this chapter. Highly specific target recognition is achieved through hybridization of fluid-borne single-stranded DNA sequences extracted from natural targets to the complimentary nucleic acid sequence (“capture probe”) bound to the inner surface of a capillary. The product of hybridization is enumerated through the use of fluorescent labeling. A novel instantaneous normalization scheme based on two photodetectors, together with the use of a standard reference material, enables independent measurements by the instrument. The probability of false-positive target detection is quantified through the development of a target detection error rate. The instrument exhibits low detection limits (~10−13 M) and repeatability of 6%. The sensor can be rearmed through a denaturing step allowing for sequential detection over an extended time period.
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Abbreviations
- CWBP:
-
Capillary waveguide biosensor platform
- DNA:
-
Deoxyribonucleic acid
- MMF:
-
Multimode fiber
- NA:
-
Numerical aperture
- PMT:
-
Photomultiplier tube
- SMF:
-
Singlemode fiber
- SNR:
-
Signal to noise ratio
- TDER:
-
Target detection error rate
- A v :
-
Avogadro’s number
- (r,θ,z):
-
Cylindrical coordinates
- (x,y,z):
-
Cartesian coordinates
- c :
-
Concentration
- E e, t :
-
Events
- Γem, ex, nd, hnp, bp :
-
Transmission coefficient
- H nd, hnp, bp :
-
Transfer functions
- k:
-
Propagation vector
- L :
-
Capillary length
- m det, em, ex :
-
Photon count
- M PM, TM :
-
Number of molecules
- n 0, 1, 2, 3 :
-
Refractive index
- N S, B :
-
Normalized count
- p :
-
Probability
- P clad, core, tot :
-
Optical power
- q :
-
Mode number
- Q :
-
Number of waveguide modes
- r 1, 2, 3, 4, p :
-
Radius
- R d :
-
Ratio of capillary outer to inner diameter
- T :
-
Time interval
- V :
-
Normalized frequency of a waveguide
- V sen :
-
Sensing volume
- W M :
-
Molecular weight
- α:
-
Attenuation coefficient
- β q :
-
Propagation coefficient
- δy:
-
Coating layer thickness
- ε :
-
Molar extinction
- Φ 0, ex, em :
-
Photon flux
- η em, ex, col, mol, bk, L, H :
-
Efficiency
- κ:
-
Extinction ratio
- λ o, ex, em :
-
Wavelength
- ν:
-
Frequency
- θ 0,1,2,3,1c :
-
Angle
- σ S, n, B :
-
Standard deviation
- τ H :
-
Hybridization time
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Dhadwal, H.S. (2010). Capillary Waveguide Biosensor Platform. In: Zourob, M., Lakhtakia, A. (eds) Optical Guided-wave Chemical and Biosensors II. Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors, vol 8. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02827-4_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02827-4_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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