Abstract
The chapter deals with the fundamentals of remote sensing, basic principle of electromagnetic radiation and its interaction with the earth, atmosphere and surface materials. The types of sensors, digital data formats, basic image processing techniques, including image enhancement techniques and classification methods are explained in details. Besides the image processing techniques, applications of remote sensing in Kuwait are presented in a section on applications, that include techniques for mapping subsidence in oil fields, estimation of recharge to shallow aquifers and freshwater lenses, calibration of satellite precipitation data and mapping of hydrocarbon contamination using land surface temperature estimates.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Curran PJ (1985) Principles of remote sensing. Longman Publishing Co., London, pp 208–224
Jensen JR (1986) Introductory digital image processing: a remote sensing perspective. Printice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp 1–9, 177–229
Lillesand TM, Kiefer RW (1987) Remote sensing and image interpretation, 2nd ed. Wiley, New York, p 721
Pratt WK (1992) Digital image processing, 2nd ed. Wiley, New York, p 698
Sabins, Floyd F (1987) Remote sensing – principles and interpretation. Freeman and Company, New York, p 449
Lee CC (1983) Elimination of redundant operations for fast sobel operator. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern, vol SMC-13, No 3, pp 242–245
Pizer SM (1987) Adaptive histogram equalization and its variations. Comput Vision Graph Image Process 39:355–368
Chavez PS Jr, Berlin GL, Sower LB (1982) Statistical method for selecting LANDSAT MSS ratios. J Appl Photograph Eng 8:23–30
Roberts LG (1965) Machine perception of three-dimensional solids in optical and electro-optical information processing. JT Tippett et al. (ed) MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 159–197
Kirsch R (1971) Computer determination of the constituent structure of biomedical images. Comput Biomed Res 4(3):315–328
Lewis TO, Odell PL (1971) Estimation in linear models. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliff, NJ
Prewitt JMS (1970) In: Lopkoin BS, Rosenfeld A (eds) Object enhancement and extraction in picture processing and psychopictorics. Academic Press, New York
Press WH, Flamery BP, Tenkolsky SA, Vetterling WT (1988) Numerical recipes in C: The art of scientific computing. Cambridge University Press, New York
Jahne B (1995) Digital image processing, concept, algorithms and scientific applications, 3rd ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p 383
Rosenfeld A, Kak AC (1982) Digital image processing, 2nd ed., vol. I and II. Academic Press, Orlando
Short NM (1982) The LANDSAT tutorial workbook. Basics of satellite remote sensing. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Reference Publication 1078, Washington, DC
Loeve M (1955) Probability theory. D. Van Nostrand Company, Princeton, NJ
Castleman KR (1977) Digital image processing. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliff, NJ
Kwarteng AY, Al-Ajmi D (1997) Satellite remote sensing applications in the State of Kuwait. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, p 101
Saifuddin, Al Dousari A, Literathy P (2008) Evidence of hydrocarbon contamination from the Burgan Oil Field, Kuwait – interpretations from thermal remote sensing data. J Environ Manage 86:605–615
Saif ud din, Al Dousari A, Ramdan A, Al Ghadban AN (2008b) Site specific precipitation estimate from TRMM data using bi-linear weighted interpolation technique – an example from Kuwait. J Arid Environ. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.12.013
McClain EP, Pichel WG, Walton CC (1985) Comparative performance of AVHRR-based multichannel sea surface temperatures. J Geophys Res 90:11587–11601
Richter R (1990) A fast atmospheric correction algorithm applied to Landsat TM. Int J Remote Sens 11:159–166
Pearce AF, Prata AJ, Manning CR (1992) Comparison of NOAA/AVHRR-2 sea surface temperatures with surface measurements in coastal waters. Int J Remote Sens 10:37–52
Qin Z, Karnieli A, Berliner P (2001) A mono-window algorithm for retrieving land surface temperature from Landsat TM data and its application to the Israel–Egypt border region. Int J Remote Sens 22(18):3719–3746
Liang S (2001) An optimization algorithm for separating land surface temperature and emis-sivity from multispectral thermal infrared imagery. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 39(2):264–274
Sobrino JA, Li ZL, Stoll MP, Becker F (1996) Multi-channel and multi angle algorithm for estimating sea and land surface temperature with ASTER data. Int J Remote Sens 17(11):2089–2114
Gillespie AR, Rokugawa S, Matsunaga T, Cothern J, Hook S, Khale A (1998) A temperature and emissivity separation algorithm for advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) images. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 36:1113–1126
Jimenez-Munoz JC, Sobrino JA (2003) A generalized single channel method for retrieving land surface temperature from remote sensing data. J Geophys Res 108. doi:10.1029/2003JD003480
Sobrino JA, Jimenez-Munoz JC, Paolini L (2004) Land surface temperature retrieval from Landsat TM 5. Remote Sens Environ 90:434–440
Markham BL, Barker JL (1986) Landsat MSS and TM post calibration dynamic ranges, atmospheric reflectance and at satellite temperature. EOSAT Landsat Technical Notes 1 (Lanham, Maryland: Earth Observation Satellite Company), pp 3–8
Schneider K, Mauser W (1996) Processing and accuracy of landsat TM data for lake surface temperature measurement. Int J Remote Sens 16:2111–2124
Hurtado E, Vidal A, Caselles V (1996) Comparison of two atmospheric correction methods for Landsat TM thermal band. Int J Remote Sens 17:237–247
Literathy P (1992) Environmental consequences of the Gulf War in Kuwait: impact on water resources. Water Sci Technol 26:21–30
Litherathy P (1993) Considerations for assessment of environmental consequences of the 1991 Gulf War. Marine Pollut Bullet 27:349–356
Kwarteng AY (1998) Multitemporal remote sensing data analysis of Kuwait's oil lakes. Environ Int 24(1/2):121–137
Kwarteng AY (1999) Remote sensing assessment of oil lakes and oil-polluted surfaces at the Greater Burgan oil field, Kuwait. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 1(1):36–47
Al-Dousari A (2001) Analysis of change in the tarcrete layer on the desert surface of Kuwait using satellite imagery and cell-based modeling. PhD thesis remote sensing & GIS. Boston University (unpublished)
Saif uddin, Al-Dousari A, Al-Ghadban AN, Aritoshi M (2006) Use of interferometric techniques for detecting subsidence in the oil fields of Kuwait using Synthetic Aperture Radar Data. J Petrol Sci Eng 50:1:1–10
Al-Senafy MN, Viswanathan MN, Senay Y, Sumait A (1997) Soil contamination from oil lakes in northern Kuwait. J Soil Contaminat 6(5):481–494
Robertson FR, Fitzjarrald DE, Kummerow CD (2003) Effect of uncertainty in TRMM precipitation radar path integrated attenuation on interannual variations of tropical oceanic rainfall. Geophy Res Lett 30(4). doi:10.1029/2002GL016416
Anon (2005) Tropical rainfall mission office – introduction. lba.cptec.inpe.br/lba/eng/trmm/doctrmmi.html
Bowman KP (2005) Comparison of TRMM precipitation retrievals with rain gauge data from ocean buoys. J Climate 18:178–190
Saif ud din, Al Dousari A, Al Ghadban AN (2007) Sustainable freshwater resources management in northern Kuwait – A remote sensing view from Raudatain basin. Int J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinfo 9:21–31
Brito AE, Chan SH, Cabrera SD (2003) SAR image superresolution via 2-D adaptive extrapolation. Multidimen Syst Signal Process 14:83–104
Kuhel H, Sacchi MD (2003) Least squares wave equation migration for AVP/AVA inversion. Geophysics 68:262–273
Gribbon KT, Bailey DG (2004) A novel approach to real-time bi-linear interpolation. Second IEEE international workshop on electronic design, test and applications, p 126
Foley TA (1987) Weighted bicubic spline interpolation to rapidly varying data. ACM Trans Graph 6(1):1–18
Arnold DN, Boffi D, Falk RS (2002) Approximation by quadrilateral finite element. Math Comput 71:909–922
Nespor V, Sevruk B (1999) Estimation of wind induced error of rainfall gauge measurements using a numerical simulation. J Atmos Oceanic Technol 16:450–464
Habib E, Krajewski WF, Nespor V (1999). Numerical simulation studies of rain gauge data correction due to wind effect. J Geophy Res 104:19,723–19,734
Krajewski WF, Ciach GJ, McCollum JR, Bacotiu C (2000) Initial validation of Global precipitation climatology project monthly rainfall over United States. J Appl Meteorol 39:1071–1086
Serra YL, A'Hearn P, Freitag HP, McPhaden MJ (2001) ATLAS self-siphoning rain gauge error estimates. J Atmos Oceanic Technol 18:1989–2002
Bell TL, Kundu PK (2003) Comparing satellite rainfall estimates with rain gauge data: Optimal strategies suggested by spectral model. J Geophy Res 108 (D3) 4121, pp ACL 7-1- 15
Sawaya WN (1986) Dates of Saudi Arabia. Regional agriculture and water research center. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, p 200
Zang Y (2001) Texture – integrated classification of urban treed areas in high resolution color infrared imagery. Photogram Eng Remote Sens 67(12):1359–1365
Barnsley MJ, Barr SL (1996) Inferring urban land use from satellite sensor images using kernel-based spatial reclassification. Photogram Eng Remote Sens 62:949–958
Gao J, Skillcorn D (1998) Capability of SPOT XS data in producing detailed land cover maps at the urban-rural periphery. Int J Remote Sens 19:2877–2891
EEC (1997) Decision No. C (97)2690. Decision of commission of the financing of an action concerning counting of the number of Olive trees in member states.
Howard JA (1991) Remote sensing of forest resources. Chapman & Hall, London
Marceau DJ, Gratton DJ, Fournier RA, Fortin JP (1994) Remote sensing and the measurement of geographical entities in a forested environment. 2. The optimal spatial resolution. Remote Sens Environ 49(2):105–117
Woodcock CE, Strahler AH (1987) The Factor of scale in remote sensing. Remote Sens Environ 21:311–332
Dreyer P (1993) Classification of land cover using optimized neural nets on spot data. Photogramm Eng Remote Sens 59:617–621
Anys H, Bannari A, He DC, Morin D (1994) Texture analysis for the mapping of urban areas using airborne MEIS-II images. Proceedings of the first international airborne remote sensing conference and exhibition, Strasbourg, France, vol 3, pp 231–245
St-Onge BA, Cavayasm F (1997) Automated forest structure mapping from high resolution imagery based on directional semivariogram estimates. Remote Sens Environ 61:82–95
Culvenor DS, Coops N, Preston R, Tolhurst K (1999) A spatial clustering approach to automated tree crown delineation. Proceedings of the international forum on automated interpretation of high spatial resolution digital imagery for forestry, 10–12 February, Victoria, BC, Canada, Natural Resources Canada, pp 67–80
Coops N, Culvenor DS (2000) Utilizing local variance of simulated high spatial resolution imagery to predict spatial pattern of forest strands. Remote Sens Environ 71:248–260
Wulder M, Niemann KO, Goodenough DG (2000) Local maxima filtering for the extraction of tree locations and Basdal area from high spatial resolution imagery. Remote Sens Environ 73:103–114
Granlund GH (1999) The complexity of vision. Signal Process 74:101–126
Kay S, Leo O, Peedel S, Giardino G (2000) Computer assisted recognition of olive tree in digital imagery. Space Applications Institute JRC of the European Commission, Ispra, Italy
Karantzalos K (2003) Combining anisotropic diffusion and alternating sequential filtering for satellite image enhancement and smoothing. Proceedings international conference of image and signal processing for remote sensing IX, SPIE, Barcelona, Spain
Alvarez L, Lions PL, Morel JM (1992) Image selective smoothing and edge detection by nonlinear diffusion. SIAM – JNA 29:845–866
Biegert EK, Berry JL, Oakley SD (1997) Oil field subsidence monitoring using spaceborne interferometric SAR – A Belridge 4-D Case History. Proceeding annual meeting of the American association of petroleum geologists, Dallas, April′97
Carne C, Massonnet D, King C (1996) Two examples of the use of SAR interferometry on displacement fields of small spatial extent. Geophys Res Lett 23(24):3579
Briole P, Massonnet D, Delacourt C (1997) Posteruptive deformation associated with the 1986– 1987 and 1989 lava flows of Etna detected by radar interferometry. Geophys Res Lett 24(1):37
Fielding EJ, Blom RG, Goldstein RM (1998) Rapid subsidence over oil fields measured by SAR interferometry. Geophys Res Lett 25:3215
Galloway DL, Hudnut KW, Ingebristen SE, Philips SP, Peltzer G, Rogez F, Rosen PA (1998) InSAR detection of aquifer system compaction and land subsidence, Antelope Valley, Mojave Desert, California: Water Resources Research, vol 34, pp 2573–2585
Galloway DL, Jones DR, Ingebristen SE (1999) Land subsidence in the United States: US Geological Survey Circular 1182, pp 1–117
Galloway DL, Jones DR, Ingebristen SE (2000) Measuring land subsidence from space; US Geological Survey fact sheet 051–00, pp 1–4
Hoffmann J, Zebker HA, Galloway DL, Amelung F (2001) Seasonal subsidence and rebound in Las Vegas valley, Nevada, observed by synthetic aperture radar interferometry. Water Resour Res 37(6):1551–1566
Tuttle M, Ehrismann J, Hulshof B. (1998) Detection and monitoring of surface subsidence using synthetic aperture radar interferometry in Yibal Oil Field, Sultanate of Oman. http:// petroleum.berkeley.edu/papers/patzek/spe59295.pdf
Gray AL, Farris-Manning PJ (1993) Repeat pass interferometry with airborne synthetic aperture radar. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 31(1):189–191
Hoffmann J (2003) The application of satellite radar interferometry to the study of land subsidence over developed aquifer systems. PhD dissertation, Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, USA, pp 1–211
Zebker HA, Werner CL, Rosen PA, Scott H (1994) Accuracy of topographic maps derived from ERS – 1 interferometric radar. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 32(4):823–836
Ferretti A, Prati C, Rocca F (2000) Non-linear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatter in differential SAR Interferometry. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 35(5):2202–2212
Khalaf FI, Gharib IM, Al-Hashash MZ (1984) Types and characteristics of the recent deposits of Kuwait, Arabian Gulf. J Arid Environ 7:9–33
El-Baz F, Al-Sarawi M, Al-Shamlan AA (2000) Atlas for the State of Kuwait from Satellite Images. Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences, pp 1–145
Abusada SM (1981) Interpretation of environmental isotope data of Kuwait groundwater. Proceeding first symposium on the future development of water resources in the Gulf and Arabian Peninsula. J Arab Gulf Arab Peninsula Stud 2:8–92
Burdon DJ, Al Sharhan A (1968) The problem of the paleokarstic Dammam Limestone Aquifer in Kuwait. J Hydrol 6:358–404
Himida IH, El-Yaqubi SA (1979) Hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical aspects of the mail groundwater fields in Kuwait, Arabian Gulf first geological congress of the middle east, Ankara, Turkey, pp 1–4
Anderson JR, Hardy EE, Roach JT, Witmer RE (1976) A landuse and landcover classification system for use with remote sensor data. USGA Professional Paper 964, p. 28
Beven KJ, Wood EF, Sivapalan M (1988) On hydrological heterogeneity: Catchment morphology and catchment response. J Hydrol 100:353–375
Menenti M, Bastiaanssen WGM, van Eick D, El Karim MAA (1989) Linear relationships between surface reflectance and temperature and their application to map actual evaporation of groundwater. Adv Space Res 9(1):165–176
Menenti M (1993) Understanding land surface evapotranspiration with satellite multispectral measurements. Adv Space Res 13(5):89–100
Bastiaanssen WGM, Hoekman DH, Rorbrling RA (1994) A methodology for assessment of surface resistance and soil water storage variability at mesoscale based on remote sensing measurements. IAHS Special Publications 2, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, UK, p 66
Bastiaanssen WGM, Menenti M, Dolman AJ, Feddes RA, Pelgrum H (1996) Remote sensing parameterization of meso scale land surface evaporation. In Raschke E (ed) Radiation and water in the climate system: remote measurements. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 401–429
Bastiaanssen WGM, Menenti M, Feddes RA, Holtslag AAM (1998). A remote sensing surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL). Part 1: formulation. J Hydrol 212–213:198–212
Bastiaanssen WGM, Pelgrum H, Wang J, Ma Y, Moreno JF, Roerink GJ, van der Wal T (1998). A remote sensing surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL).: Part 2: Validation J Hydrol 212–213:213–229
Bastiaanssen WGM, Noordman EJM, Pelgrun H, Davids G, Thoreson BP, Allen RG (2005) SEBAL Model with remotely sensed data to improve water resource management under actual field condition. J Irrigat Drain 131(1):85–93
Edgell HS (1997) Aquifers of Saudi Arabia and their geological framework. Arab J Sci Engg 22(1C):4–31
Al Sulaimi J, Khalaf FJ, Mukhopadhyay A (1997) Geomorphological analysis of paleo drainage systems and their environmental implications in the desert of Kuwait. Environ Geol 29(1–2):94–111
SCS (1985) National engineering handbook, Section 4: Hydrology, US Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Engineering Division, Washington DC
Walters MO (1990) Transmission losses in arid regions. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 116:129–138
Linsley RK, Kohler MA, Paulhus JLH (1975). Hydrology for engineers. McGraw Hill, New York, NY
Gheith H, Sultan M (2002) Construction of a hydrologic model for estimating Wadi runoff and groundwater recharge in the Eastern Desert, Egypt. J Hydrol 262:36–55
Senay Y (1977) Groundwater resources and artificial recharge in Raudatain waterfield. Ministry of Electricity and Water, Kuwait, p 35 (unpublished)
Kwarteng AY, Viswanathan MN, Al Senafy AN, Rashid T (2000) Formation of fresh ground-water lenses in northern Kuwait. J Arid Environ 46:137–155
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ajmi, D.A., din, S.u. (2009). Remote Sensing: Fundamentals, Types and Monitoring Applications of Environmental Consequences of War. In: Kassim, T.A., Barceló, D. (eds) Environmental Consequences of War and Aftermath. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 3U. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87963-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87963-3_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-87961-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-87963-3
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)