Soil ecosystems are a complex of biotic and abiotic components.
There are a great many different types of soils with a wide range of different textures. Type and texture are determined by the relative proportions of organic material, from living and dead organisms, and mineral material, including sand, silt and clay. Texture and structure affect the amount and size of pore spaces in the soil, which contribute between 5 and 35% of the soil volume. These pore spaces are occupied by air and water, and may be connected to the troposphere and contain a similar atmosphere.
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Wheatley, R.E. (2008). The Role of Soil Microbial Volatile Products in Community Functional Interactions. In: Karlovsky, P. (eds) Secondary Metabolites in Soil Ecology. Soil Biology, vol 14. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74543-3_13
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