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ALERT - Adverse Late Effects of Cancer Treatment pp 293–311Cite as

Radiological and Nuclear Terrorism: Relevance to the Radiation Oncology and Biology Communities

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Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Radiat Oncol))

Abstract

There are now unique opportunities for research and community service for radiation experts based on a confluence of needs for reducing radiation toxicity for cancer care and preparing a medical response to a potential nuclear or radiological incident. The new opportunities include: (a) the need for agents (e.g., drugs, biologics, and natural products) to prevent and/or mitigate radiation injury; (b) the discovery and validation of biomarkers to predict radiation susceptibility and provide diagnostics for measuring dose (biodosimetry) and guiding clinical care; (c) basic research on mechanisms of radiation injury that are in common with other fields, such as inflammation, regenerative medicine, cancer, and aging; and (d) radiation biology research on mechanisms of radiation injury at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. The radiological/nuclear medical preparedness and response field is moving rapidly with a multipronged goal of ever-improving medical preparedness and response. This effort involves basic and translational science, device and medical countermeasure development, deployment of personnel and medical resources, access to up-to-date, just-in-time information for medical management, post-event recovery and resilience, and complex policy issues. The breadth of challenges provides an opportunity for a wide range of experts to participate. This chapter highlights the current state of the radiological/nuclear medical preparedness and response field. Given the rapidity with which research, development, and system solutions are evolving, this chapter emphasizes where to find up-to-date information.

*Katherine Casey-Sawicki from University of Florida provided editorial assistance.

Conflicts of interest-none.

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Abbreviations

AC:

Assembly centers (predetermined site in RTR system)

AFRRI:

Armed forces radiobiology research institute

ALC:

Absolute lymphocyte count

ARS:

Acute radiation syndrome

ASPR:

Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response

BAA:

Broad Agency announcement (BARDA)

BARDA:

Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (ASPR)

CBRN:

Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear

CDC:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CMCR:

Centers for Medical Countermeasures against Radiation (NIAID)

CTCAE:

Common toxicity criteria for adverse events

DARPA:

Defense Advanced Research Products Agency

DEARE:

Delayed effects of acute radiation exposure

DF:

Dangerous fallout zone

DHS:

Department of Homeland Security

DHHS:

Department of Health and Human Services (also HHS)

DoD:

Department of Defense

DOE:

Department of Energy

DTPA:

Diethylenetriaminepentaacetate

EPR:

Electron paramagnetic resonance

FDA:

Food and drug administration

FY:

Fiscal year

GI:

Gastrointestinal

GIS:

Geographic information system

GLP:

Good laboratory practice (required by FDA)

GMP:

Good manufacturing practice (required by FDA)

Gy:

Gray

HHS:

Department of Health and Human Services

IAEA:

International Atomic Energy Agency

IMAAC:

Interagency Modeling and Atmospheric Advisory Center

LD:

Light damage zone

LINAC:

Linear accelerator

MC:

Medical care sites (predetermined site in RTR system)

MCM:

Medical countermeasures

MD:

Moderate damage zone

MTA:

Material threat assessment

MTD:

Material threat determination

NIA:

National Institute on Aging

NCI:

National Cancer Institute

NHP:

Non-human primate

NIAID:

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

NIH:

National Institutes of Health

NSBRI:

National Space Biomedical Research Institute

OPEO:

Office of Preparedness and Emergency Operations

PAHPA:

Pandemic and all-hazards preparedness act

PDA:

Personal digital assistant

PHEMCE:

Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise

PRO-CTCAE:

Patient related outcomes-common toxicity criteria for adverse events

R&D:

Research and development

RCP:

Radiation countermeasures program (NIAID)

RDD:

Radiological dispersal device

REMM:

Radiation emergency medical management

RERF:

Radiation effects research foundation

RFA:

Request for application

RFI:

Request for information (BARDA)

RFP:

Request for proposal (BARDA)

RITN:

Radiation injury treatment network

RTR:

Radiation triage, treatment and transport system

SALT:

Sort, assess, life-saving intervention, treat/triage/transport

SBIR:

Small business innovation research (grant)

SD:

Severe damage zone

SNS:

Strategic national stockpile (CDC)

SSN:

Sources sought notice (BARDA)

TRL:

Technology readiness level

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR), Washington, USA

    C. Norman Coleman

  2. Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD)/Radiation Research Program (RRP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, USA

    C. Norman Coleman & Pat Prasanna

  3. National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, USA

    Nathaniel Hafer & Bert Maidment

  4. The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science and Technology Policy Fellow, Washington, USA

    Nathaniel Hafer

  5. ASPR, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Washington, USA

    Ronald Manning

  6. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, USA

    Paul Okunieff

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  2. Nathaniel Hafer
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  3. Bert Maidment
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  4. Ronald Manning
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  5. Pat Prasanna
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  6. Paul Okunieff
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. Norman Coleman .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center James P. Wilmot Cancer Ctr., Rochester, New York, USA

    Philip Rubin

  2. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center James P. Wilmot Cancer Ctr., Rochester, New York, USA

    Louis S. Constine

  3. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

    Lawrence B. Marks

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Coleman, C.N., Hafer, N., Maidment, B., Manning, R., Prasanna, P., Okunieff, P. (2014). Radiological and Nuclear Terrorism: Relevance to the Radiation Oncology and Biology Communities. In: Rubin, P., Constine, L., Marks, L. (eds) ALERT - Adverse Late Effects of Cancer Treatment. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72314-1_20

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72314-1_20

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-72314-1

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