Skip to main content

Lasers and Lights

  • Chapter
Facial Rejuvenation

Abstract

  • Laser facial rejuvenation is often required to improve environmental- and disease-related skin damage.

  • A variety of laser- and light-based therapies are now used for facial rejuvenation. An understanding of basic laser physics is required to fully evaluate light-based technologies.

  • Ablative lasers such as carbon dioxide and erbium:yttrium aluminum garnet lasers improve skin surface texture and problems of skin topography (wrinkles, scars, sun damage, benign skin appendages, and rhinophyma). Such lasers can be associated with significant morbidity.

  • Lasers and light sources with minimal morbidity and some degree of efficacy have often replaced techniques requiring significant healing, down time, and risk.

  • Many light-based technologies can now deliver multiple wavelengths and/or have special hand pieces allowing them to target pigmented and vascular targets.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Einstein A (1916) Letter to Michele Angelo Besso, November 1916

    Google Scholar 

  2. Anderson RR, Parrish JA (1983) Selective photothermolysis: precise microsurgery by selective absorption of pulsed radiation. Science 220:24–27

    Google Scholar 

  3. Asawanonda P, Anderson RR, Chang Y, et al (2001) 308-nm excimer laser for the treatment of psoriasis: a dose-response study. Arch Dermatol 137:95–96

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bonis B, Kemeny L, Dobozy A, et al (1997) 308 nm UVB excimer laser for psoriasis. Lancet 350:1522

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Nistico S, Costanzo A, Saraceno R, et al (2004) Efficacy of monochromatic excimer laser radiation (308 nm) in the treatment of early stage mycosis fungoides. Br J Dermatol 151:877–879

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Baltas E, Csoma Z, Bodai L, et al (2006) Treatment of atopic dermatitis with the xenon chloride excimer laser. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20:657–660

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bianchi B, Campolmi P, Mavilia L, et al (2003) Monochromatic excimer light (308 nm): an immunohistochemical study of cutaneous T cells and apoptosis-related molecules in psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 17:408–413

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Goodman GJ, Roberts S, Bezborodoff A (2002) Studies in long-pulsed potassium tritanyl phosphate laser for the treatment of spider naevi and perialar telangiectasia. Australas J Dermatol 43:9–14

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Marmur ES, Schmults CD, Goldberg DJ (2004) A review of laser and photodynamic therapy for the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Dermatol Surg 30:264–271

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Dierickx CC, Anderson RR (2005) Visible light treatment of photo-aging. Dermatol Ther 18:191–208

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Weiss RA, Weiss MA, Geronemus RG, et al (2004) A novel nonthermal nonablative full panel led photomodulation device for reversal of photoaging: digital microscopic and clinical results in various skin types. J Drugs Dermatol 3:605–610

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Fitzpatrick RE, Tope WD, Goldman MP, et al (1996) Pulsed carbon dioxide laser, trichloroacetic acid, Baker-Gordon phenol, and dermabrasion: a comparative clinical and histologic study of cutaneous resurfacing in a porcine model. Arch Dermatol 132:469–471

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Papadavid E, Katsambas A (2003) Lasers for facial rejuvenation: a review. Int J Dermatol 42:480–487

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Waldorf HA, Kauvar ANB, Geronemus RG (1995) Skin resurfacing of fine to deep rhytides using a char-free carbon dioxide laser in 47 patients. Dermatol Surg 21:940–946

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Lowe NJ, Lask G, Griffin ME, et al (1995) Skin resurfacing with the Ultrapulse carbon dioxide laser. Observations on 100 patients. Dermatol Surg 21:1025–1029

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bernstein L, Kauvar ANB, Grossman M, et al (1998) Scar resurfacing with high-energy, short-pulsed and flashscanning carbon dioxide lasers. Dermatol Surg 24:101–107

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Lask G, Keller G, Lowe N, et al (1995) Laser skin resurfacing with the SilkTouch flashscanner for facial rhytides. Dermatol Surg 21:1021–1024

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Bernstein LJ, Kauvar ANB, Grossman MC, et al (1997) The short-and long-term side effects of carbon dioxide laser resurfacing. Dermatol Surg 23:519–525

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Laws RA, Finley EM, McCollough ML, et al (1998) Alabaster skin after carbon dioxide laser resurfacing with histologic correlation. Dermatol Surg 24:633–636

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Mulekar SV, Al Issa A, Al Eisa A, et al (2005) Genital vitiligo treated by autologous, noncultured melanocyte-keratinocyte cell transplantation. Dermatol Surg 31:1737–1739

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Van Geel N, Ongenae K, De Mil M, et al (2001) Modified technique of autologous noncultured epidermal cell transplantation for repigmenting vitiligo: a pilot study. Dermatol Surg 27:873–876

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kaufmann R (2001) Role of Erbium:YAG laser in the treatment of aged skin. Clin Exp Dermatol 26:631–636

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kaufmann R, Hibst R (1996) Pulsed Erbium:YAG laser ablation in cutaneous surgery. Lasers Surg Med 19:324–330

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Pozner JM, Goldberg DJ (2000) Histologic effect of a variable pulsed Er:YAG laser. Dermatol Surg 26:733–736

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Tanzi EL, Alster TS (2003) Single-pass carbon dioxide versus multiple-pass Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing: a comparison of postoperative wound healing and side-effect rates. Dermatol Surg 29:80–84

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Collawn SS (1999) Combination therapy: utilisation of CO2 and Erbium:YAG lasers for skin resurfacing. Ann Plast Surg 42:21–26

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Goldman MP, Marchell N, Fitzpatrick RE (2000) Laser skin resurfacing of the face with a combined CO2/Er:YAG laser. Dermatol Surg 26:102–104

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Jacob CI, Dover JS, Kaminer MS (2001) Acne scarring: a classification system and review of treatment options. J Am Acad Dermatol 45:109–117

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. McDaniel DH, Lord J, Ash K, et al (1999) Combined CO2/Erbium:YAG laser resurfacing of perioral rhytids and side to side comparison with carbon dioxide laser alone. Dermatol Surg 25:285–293

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Fink B, Grammer K, Matts PJ (2006) Visible skin color distribution plays a role in the perception of age, attractiveness, and health in female faces. Evol Hum Behav 27:433–442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Goldberg DJ (1997) Laser treatment of pigmented lesions. Dermatol Clin 15:397–407

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Goldman MP, Bennett MD (1987) Treatment of telangiectasia: a review. J Am Acad Dermatol 17:167–182

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Gonzales E, Gange RW, Momtaz KT (1992) Treatment of telangiectases and other benign vascular lesions with the 577 nm pulsed dye laser. J Am Acad Dermatol 27:220–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Goodman, GJ, Bekhor P, Richards S (1996) Advances in laser therapy — the importance of selective photothermolysis. Med J Aust 164:681–686

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Hellwig S, Schonermark M, Raulin C (1995) Treatment of vascular malformations and pigment disorders of the face and neck by pulsed dye laser, Photoderm VL and Q-switched ruby laser. Laryngorhinootologie 74:635–641

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. McCoy SE (1997) Copper bromide laser treatment of facial telangiectasia: results of patients treated over five years. Lasers Surg Med 21:329–340

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Parish LC, Witkowski JA (1991) Telangiecatasia. In: Parish LC, Lask GP (eds) Aesthetic Dermatology. McGraw Hill, New York, pp 96–100

    Google Scholar 

  38. Ramelet AA (1998) Telangiectases. In: Baran R, Maibach HI (eds) Textbook of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2nd edn. Martin Dunitz, London, pp 373–380

    Google Scholar 

  39. Thibault PK (1997) A patient’s questionnaire evaluation of krypton laser treatment of facial telangiectases. A comparison with the copper vapor laser. Dermatol Surg 23:37–41

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Chambers IR, Clark D, Bainbridge C (1990) Automation of laser treatment of port wine stains. Phys Med Biol 7:1025–1028

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. McDaniel DH, Mordon S (1990) Hexascan: a new robotized scanning laser handpiece. Cutis 45:300–305

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Mordon SR, Rotteleur G, Buys B, et al (1989) Comparative study of the „point-by-point technique“ and the „scanning technique“ for laser treatment of port-wine stain. Lasers Surg Med 9:398–404

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Rotteleur G; Mordon S; Buys B, et al (1988) Robotized scanning laser handpiece for the treatment of port wine stains and other angiodysplasias. Lasers Surg Med 8:283–287

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Achauer BM, Vander Kam VM, Padilla JF III (1993) Clinical experience with the tunable pulsed-dye laser (585 nm) in the treatment of capillary vascular malformations. Plast Reconstr Surg 92:1233–1241

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Garden JM, Bakus AD (1993) Clinical efficacy of the pulsed dye laser in the treatment of vascular lesions. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 19:321–326

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Bassichis BA, Swamy R, Dayan SH (2004) Use of the KTP laser in the treatment of rosacea and solar lentigines. Facial Plast Surg 20:77–83

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Lee MW (2003) Combination 532-nm and 1064-nm lasers for noninvasive skin rejuvenation and toning. Arch Dermatol 139:1265–1276

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Chess C, Chess Q (1993) Cool laser optics treatment of large telangiectasia of the lower extremities. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 19:74–80

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Dreno B, Patrice T, Litoux P, et al (1985) The benefit of chilling in argon-laser treatment of port-wine stains. Plast Reconstr Surg 75:42–45

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Dummer R, Graf P, Greif C, et al (1998) Treatment of vascular lesions using the Versapulse variable pulse width frequency doubled neodymium:YAG laser. Dermatology 197:158–161

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Gilchrest BA, Rosen S, Noe JM (1982) Chilling port wine stains improves the response to argon laser therapy. Plast Reconstr Surg 69:278–83

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Nelson JS, Milner TE, Anvari B, et al (1996) Dynamic epidermal cooling in conjunction with laser induced photo thermolysis of port wine stain blood vessels. Lasers Surg Med 19:224–229

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Waldorf HA, Alster TS, McMillan K, et al (1997) Effect of dynamic cooling on 585nm pulsed dye laser treatment of port wine stain birthmarks. Dermatol Surg 23:657–662

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. White JM, Siegfried E, Boulden M, et al (1999) Possible hazards of cryogen use with pulsed dye laser. A case report and summary. Dermatol Surg 25:250–252

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Wang CC, Sue YM, Yang CH, et al (2006) A comparison of Q-switched alexandrite laser and intense pulsed light for the treatment of freckles and lentigines in Asian persons: a randomized, physician-blinded, split-face comparative trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 54:804–810

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Huang YL, Liao YL, Lee SH, et al (2002) Intense pulsed light for the treatment of facial freckles in Asian skin. Dermatol Surg 28:1007–1012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Moody BR, McCarthy JE, Hruza GJ (2003) Collagen remodeling after 585-nm pulsed dye laser irradiation: an ultrasonographic analysis. Dermatol Surg 29:997–999

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Dang Y, Ren Q, Hoecker S, et al (2005) Biophysical, histological and biochemical changes after non-ablative treatments with the 595 and 1320 nm lasers: a comparative study. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 21:204–209

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Dang Y, Ren Q, Li W, et al (2006) Comparison of biophysical properties of skin measured by using non-invasive techniques in the KM mice following 595 nm pulsed dye, 1064 nm Q-Switched Nd:YAG and 1320 nm Nd:YAG laser non-ablative rejuvenation. Skin Res Technol 12:119–125

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Omi T, Kawana S, Sato S, et al (2003) Ultrastructural changes elicited by a nonablative wrinkle reduction laser. Lasers Surg Med 32:46–49

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Zelickson B, Kist D (2000) Effect of pulsed dye laser and intense pulse light source in dermal extracellular matrix remodeling. Lasers Surg Med S12: 68

    Google Scholar 

  62. Hsu TS, Zelickson B, Dover JS, et al (2005) Multicenter study of the safety and efficacy of a 585-nm pulsed-dye laser for the nonablative treatment of facial rhytides. Dermatol Surg 31:1–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Bjerring P, Clement M, Heickendorff L, et al (2000) Selective non-ablative wrinkle reduction by laser. J Cutan Laser Ther 2:9–15

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Patel N, Clement M (2002) Selective nonablative treatment of acne scarring with 585 nm flashlamp pulsed dye laser. Dermatol Surg 28:942–945

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Rostan E, Bowes LE, Iyer S, et al (2001) A double-blind, side-by-side comparison study of low fluence long pulse dye laser to coolant treatment for wrinkling of the cheeks. J Cosmet Laser Ther 3:129–136

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Goldberg DJ, Sarradet D, Hussain M, et al (2004) Clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural changes after nonablative treatment with a 595-nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser: comparison of varying settings. Dermatol Surg 30:979–982

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Trelles MA, Allones I, Levy JL, et al (2004) Combined nonablative skin rejuvenation with the 595-and 1450-nm lasers. Dermatol Surg 30:1292–1298

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Kono T, Manstein D, Chan HH, et al (2006) Q-switched ruby versus long-pulsed dye laser delivered with compression for treatment of facial lentigines in Asians. Lasers Surg Med 38:94–97

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Bitter PH (2000) Noninvasive rejuvenation of photodamaged skin using serial, full-face intense pulsed light treatments. Dermatol Surg 26:835–842

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Kligman DE, Zhen Y (2004) Intense pulsed light treatment of photoaged facial skin. Dermatol Surg 30:1085–1090

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Raulin C, Weiss RA, Schonermark MP (1997) Treatment of essential telangiectasias with an intense pulsed light source (PhotoDerm VL). Dermatol Surg 23:941–945

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Sadick NS, Weiss R, Kilmer S, et al (2004) Photorejuvenation with intense pulsed light: results of a multi-center study. J Drugs Dermatol 3:41–49

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Schroeter CA, Neumann HA (1998) An intense light source. The photoderm VL-flashlamp as a new treatment possibility for vascular skin lesions. Dermatol Surg 247:43–48

    Google Scholar 

  74. Ross EV (2006) Laser versus intense pulsed light: competing technologies in dermatology. Lasers Surg Med 38:261–272

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Weiss RA, Weiss MA, Beasley KL (2002) Rejuvenation of photoaged skin: 5 years results with intense pulsed light of the face, neck, and chest. Dermatol Surg 28:1115–1119

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Weiss RA, Weiss MA (2006) Devices for nonablative photorejuvenation. In: Goldman MP (ed) Cutaneous and Cosmetic Laser Surgery. Mosby Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 249–262

    Google Scholar 

  77. Bjerring P, Christiansen K, Troilius A, et al (2004) Facial photo rejuvenation using two different intense pulsed light (IPL) wavelength bands. Lasers Surg Med 34:120–126

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Bitter P (2002) Report of a new technique for enhanced non-invasive skin rejuvenation using a dual mode, pulsed light and radio-frequency energy source: selective radio-thermolysis. J Cosm Dermatol 1:142–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Cutroneo KR (2003) How is Type I procollagen synthesis regulated at the gene level during tissue fibrosis. J Cell Biochem 90:1–5

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Kondo S (2000) The roles of cytokines in photoaging. J Dermatol Sci 23:S30–36

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Goldberg DJ, Whitworth J (1997) Laser skin resurfacing with the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser Dermatol Surg 23:903–906

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Friedman PM, Jih MH, Skover GR, et al (2004) Treatment of atrophic facial acne scars with the 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser: six-month follow-up study. Arch Dermatol 140:1337–1341

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Dayan S, Damrose JF, Bhattacharyya TK, et al (2003) Histological evaluations following 1,064-nm Nd:YAG laser resurfacing. Lasers Surg Med 33:126–131

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Dayan SH, Vartanian AJ, Menaker G, et al (2003) Nonablative laser resurfacing using the long-pulse (1064-nm) Nd:YAG laser. Arch Facial Plast Surg 5:310–315

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Muccini JA Jr, O’Donnell FE Jr, Fuller T, et al (1998) Laser treatment of solar elastosis with epithelial preservation. Lasers Surg Med 23:121–127

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Anvari B, Milner TE, Tanenbaum BS, et al (1995) Selective cooling of biological tissues: application for thermally mediated therapeutic procedures. Phys Med Biol 40:241–252

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Goldberg DJ (1999) Non-ablative subsurface remodeling: clinical and histologic evaluation of a 1320-nm Nd:YAG laser. J Cut Las Ther 1:153–57

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Kelly KM, Nelson JS, Lask GP, et al (1999) Cryogen spray cooling in combination with nonablative treatment of facial rhytides. Arch Dermatol 135:691–694

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Lask G, Lee PK, Seyfzadeh M, et al (1997) Nonablative laser treatment of facial rhytids. SPIE Proc 2970:338–349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Nelson JS, Miller TE, Dave D, et al (1997) Clinical study of non-ablative laser treatment of facial rhytides. Lasers Surg Med 95:32–33

    Google Scholar 

  91. Bhatia AC, Dover JS, Arndt KA, et al (2006) Patient satisfaction and reported long-term therapeutic efficacy associated with 1,320 nm Nd:YAG laser treatment of acne scarring and photoaging. Dermatol Surg 32:346–352

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Fatemi A, Weiss MA, Weiss RA (2002) Short-term histologic effects of nonablative resurfacing: results with a dynamically cooled millisecond-domain 1320 nm Nd:YAG laser. Dermatol Surg 28:172–176

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Menaker GM, Wrone DA, Williams RM, et al (1999) Treatment of facial rhytides with a nonablative laser: a clinical and histologic study. Dermatol Surg 25:440–444

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Goldberg DJ (2000) Full-face nonablative dermal remodelling with a 1320 nm Nd:YAG laser. Dermatol Surg 26:915–918

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Rogachefsky AS, Hussain M, Goldberg DJ (2003) Atrophic and a mixed pattern of acne scars improved with a 1320-nm Nd:YAG laser. Dermatol Surg 29:904–908

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Chan HH, Lam LK, Wong DS, et al (2004) Use of 1,320 nm Nd:YAG laser for wrinkle reduction and the treatment of atrophic acne scarring in Asians. Lasers Surg Med 34:98–103

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Apikian MA, Goodman GJ, Roberts S (2007) Management of mild to moderate rhinophyma with a 1450-nm diode laser: report of five patients. Dermatol Surg (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  98. No D, McClaren M, Chotzen V, et al (2004) Sebaceous hyperplasia treated with a 1450-nm diode laser. Dermatol Surg 30:382–384

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Paithankar DY, Ross EV, Saleh BA, et al (2002) Acne treatment with a 1450-nm wavelength laser and cryogen spray cooling. Lasers Surg Med 31:206–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Tanzi EL, Williams CM, Alster TS (2003) Treatment of facial rhytides with a nonablative 1450 nm diode laser: a controlled clinical and histologic study. Dermatol Surg 29:124–128

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Hardaway CA, Ross EV (2002) Nonablative laser skin remodeling. Dermatol Clin 20:97–111

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Chua SH, Ang P, Khoo LS, et al (2004) Nonablative 1450-nm diode laser in the treatment of facial atrophic acne scars in type IV to V Asian skin: a prospective clinical study. Dermatol Surg 30:1287–1291

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Tanzi EL, Alster TS (2004) Comparison of a 1450-nm diode laser and a 1320-nm Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of atrophic facial scars: a prospective clinical and histologic study. Dermatol Surg 30:152–157

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Dahan S, Lagarde JM, Turlier V, et al (2004) Treatment of neck lines and forehead rhytids with a nonablative 1540-nm Er:glass laser: a controlled clinical study combined with the measurement of the thickness and the mechanical properties of the skin. Dermatol Surg 30:872–879

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Fisher GH, Geronemus RG (2005) Short-term side effects of fractional photothermolysis. Dermatol Surg 31:1245–1249

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Gupta AK, Ryder JE (2003) Photodynamic therapy and topical aminolevulinic acid: an overview. Am J Clin Dermatol 4:699–708

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Piacquadio DJ, Chen DM, Farber HF, et al (2004) Photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid topical solution and visible blue light in the treatment of multiple actinic keratoses of the face and scalp: investigator-blinded, phase 3, multicenter trials. Arch Dermatol 140:41–46

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Goldman M, Atkin D (2003) ALA/PDT in the treatment of actinic keratosis: spot versus confluent therapy. J Cosmet Laser Ther 5:107–110

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Taub AF (2004) Photodynamic therapy in dermatology: history and horizons. J Drugs Dermatol 3:S8–25

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Ruiz-Rodriguez R, Sanz-Sanchez T, Cordoba S (2002) Photodynamic photorejuvenation. Dermatol Surg 28:742–744

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Goodman, G.J. (2007). Lasers and Lights. In: Goldberg, D.J. (eds) Facial Rejuvenation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69518-9_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69518-9_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-69517-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-69518-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics