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Kinematics of the SE Canadian Fold and Thrust Belt: Implications for the Thermal and Organic Maturation History

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Book cover Thrust Belts and Foreland Basins

Part of the book series: Frontiers in Earth Sciences ((FRONTIERS))

Abstract

The southern Canadian Foreland Fold and Thrust Belt forms a north-eastward tapering contractional belt comprising Mesoproterozoic intracontinental, Palaeozoic continental margin and Mesozoic to lower Tertiary foredeep sequences that record an upper Cretaceous to Palaeocene contractional history. Shortening is accommodated by a few major thrusts (e.g. Lewis thrust and McDonald thrust), estimated at ∼115–125 km and accompanied by the development of a presumably thick, currently eroded syntectonic foredeep wedge. The contractional features are overprinted by a second deformation phase of Late Eocene-Oligocene extension with the formation of two pronounced halfgraben systems (i.e. Flathead Valley Graben and Rocky Mountain Trench) and bounding listric normal faults that merge at depth with the pre-existing thrust decollements.

This paper especially aims to elucidate the exhumation pattern and history that have not only affected the deformed Canadian Foreland Belt on the small wavelength of individual thrustsheets, but also on an extended scale involving the undeformed distal foreland.

The construction of three east-west trending regional and simplified structural cross-sections provided structural coherency and allowed for first-order structural balancing and restoration of the deformed and strongly eroded sedimentary wedge. A combination of 1D conceptual and 2D forward kinematic modelling allowed for the restoration of the syntectonic sedimentary wedge and also for better resolving burial and exhumation history (i.e., timing, amplitude and wavelength). The modelling was constrained by organic maturity ranks with a dense regional coverage together with published fission track inferences for necessary constraints on timing. It is shown that the current thermo-chronological dataset allow, for two distinct burial and exhumation scenarios; the first in which overburden and peak temperatures are achieved by purely sedimentary burial and the second with a strong tectonic loading component. It is postulated that FT and organic maturity constraints allows for a more moderate restored thickness of the deformed and eroded sedimentary wedge than previously inferred. This study makes the feasibility and uncertainties more apparent that accompanies the unravelling of the denudation history of a strongly deformed sedimentary wedge and also illustrates the strong bearing of basal decollement geometry effected by inherited basin architecture. The integration of kinematic and exhumation inferences reveal a short-wavelength syn-orogenic exhumation (∼4–6 km) limited to the deformed Foreland Belt associated with thrustsheet emplacement during the upper Cretaceous-lower Palaeocene contraction, followed by a second episode of large wavelength exhumation involving the entire former foredeep (i.e., with amplitudes of 2 to 4 km) during the upper Palaeocene-Eocene.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Direction Géologie-Géochimie-Géophysique, Institut Français du Pétrole, 1-4 Avenue de Bois-Préau, 92852, Rueil-Malmaison Cedex, France

    N. J. Hardebol, J. P. Callot, J. L. Faure & F. Roure

  2. Faculty of Earth and Life Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    N. J. Hardebol, G. Bertotti & F. Roure

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Tectonique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Aile 45-46, Niveau 2, Case 129 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris, France

    Olivier Lacombe

  2. Institut Français du Pétrole, 1-4 Avenue de Bois-Préau, 92852, Rueil-Malmaison, France

    François Roure

  3. Laboratoire de Géodynamique des Chaînes Alpines, Université J. Fourier Maison de Géosciences, 1381 rue de la piscine, 38400, St-Martin-d’Hères, France

    Jérôme Lavé

  4. Institut Ciencies de la Tierra Jaume Almera, Cons. Sup. Invest. Cientificas, Calle Lluís Solé i Sabarís s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain

    Jaume Vergés

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Hardebol, N.J., Callot, J.P., Faure, J.L., Bertotti, G., Roure, F. (2007). Kinematics of the SE Canadian Fold and Thrust Belt: Implications for the Thermal and Organic Maturation History. In: Lacombe, O., Roure, F., Lavé, J., Vergés, J. (eds) Thrust Belts and Foreland Basins. Frontiers in Earth Sciences. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69426-7_10

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