Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies have clearly highlighted the relationships between upper and lower airway dysfunctions. Chronic inflammatory processes that affect upper airways interact with the lower respiratory tract by several mechanisms [1, 2]. At the clinical level, they may participate in the worsening of bronchopulmonary diseases and impair quality of life. However, in many instances, patients with both upper and lower airway pathologies have predominant symptoms at one site and may neglect to report symptoms that concern another site. Physicians involved in respiratory disease management need to know how to evaluate common rhinological problems in order to offer patients a global therapeutic approach.
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Percodani, J. (2010). Functional Investigations of the Nose. In: Anniko, M., Bernal-Sprekelsen, M., Bonkowsky, V., Bradley, P., Iurato, S. (eds) Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. European Manual of Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68940-9_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68940-9_11
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