Molecular markers are valuable tools for basic and applied research. Any detectable type of polymorphism in proteins or DNA can potentially be used as a molecular marker. After genotyping multiple members of a population of genetically related individuals with multiple markers, it is possible to generate a genetic map. Molecular markers and genetic maps can be used to associate specific chromosomal intervals (and depending on marker density, even specific genes) with phenotypes and traits. The genetic mapping of mutants or qualitative variation facilitates marker assisted selection (MAS) and is the first step in cloning the affected genes via chromosome walking. Sequence-based genetic markers can be used to cross-link genetic, physical, and cytological maps of maize and reveal patterns of microsynteny among homeologous and orthologous chromosomal segments within the genome and syntenic relationships with other species. Genetic maps can enhance our understanding of the organization and evolution of the maize genome. They also reveal genome-wide patterns of chromosome structure, gene distribution, and meiotic recombination.
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Schnable, P.S., Hsia, AP., Guo, L., Barbazuk, W.B. (2009). Molecular Markers. In: Kriz, A.L., Larkins, B.A. (eds) Molecular Genetic Approaches to Maize Improvement. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol 63. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68922-5_16
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