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Neuroendocrine Regulation of Skin Immune Response

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Neuroimmunology of the Skin

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  • Disorders of skin immune activity are implicated in the pathogenesis of cutaneous infections, skin malignancies, and acquired inflammatory skin disorders.

  • Immune cells of the skin include epidermal keratinocytes, which function both as a physical barrier and early warning system, Langerhans cells (LCs), intraepithelial lymphocytes, dermal dendritic cells (DCs), mast cells, and cutaneous memory T cells.

  • The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) affects skin DC function and modulates their migration and Th1 priming ability. The DC receptors involved are the α1b- and β2-adrenergic receptors (ARs). These exert opposing functions with α1b-ARs stimulating and β2-ARs inhibiting DC (LC) migration. In particular, the effect of β2-ARs seems predominant and is mainly exerted by enhancing interleukin (IL)-10 production in TLR-activated DCs.

  • DCs express the cannabinoid receptor CB2 and that its physiological ligand, that is, the endogenous endocannabinoid 2-arachydonoylglycerol (2-AG), may act as a chemoattractant for DCs. In vivo, 2-AG may recruit CD8+ DCs to the skin and act as an adjuvant for a Th1 adaptive response to a soluble protein. These findings may improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of skin diseases. In fact, alterations of skin ARs expression or function have been associated with skin inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The involvement of the endogenous cannabinoid system in skin diseases is also possible but current evidence calls for further studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Experimental Pathology, Istituto Cantonale di Patologia, P.O. Box 6601, Locarno, Switzerland

    G. Maestroni

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  1. G. Maestroni
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Correspondence to G. Maestroni .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Weill Cornell Medical College Department of Dermatology, Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., 10021, New York, NY, USA

    Richard D. Granstein MD

  2. Medizinische Einrichtungen Klinik und Poliklinik für, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany

    Thomas A. Luger MD

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Maestroni, G. (2009). Neuroendocrine Regulation of Skin Immune Response. In: Granstein, R.D., Luger, T.A. (eds) Neuroimmunology of the Skin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-35989-0_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-35989-0_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-35986-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-35989-0

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