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Social Perspectives on Ancient Lives from Paleoethnobotanical Data pp 55–75Cite as

Cultigen Chenopods in the Americas: A Hemispherical Perspective

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Abstract

In this chapter, we summarize recent contributions made by archaeologists and researchers in other disciplines toward understanding the many factors involved in the domestication of Chenopodium berlandieri in North America and Chenopodium quinoa in South America. We focus on studies of seed morphology and molecular genetics, which have aided in clarifying the trajectories of domestication for both species. The comparison of these trajectories allows us to examine the similarities and differences in the evolutionary, economic, social, and political processes that contributed not only to their domestication but the roles they played in the later agricultural and sociopolitical systems in their respective regions. The eastern North American cultigen chenopod eventually lost its role as a key component of pre-Columbian agricultural systems, whereas quinoa flourished in the Andes and has attained global super-food status today. Still, both of these crops constituted food that was central to and inseparable from considerations of identity, status, ritual, exchange, and sociopolitical life. An appreciation of chenopods as important foods in each region allows us to reflect upon their diverse evolutionary pathways and the significance of individual foods and broader cuisines within regional histories.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The Andean region is expansive, and domesticated chenopods likely had distinct trajectories in its subregions. We focus here on our primary research areas in the Bolivian altiplano (a high plain that runs between the eastern and western Andes ranges).

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Acknowledgements

We are deeply indebted to Christine Hastorf for her contributions that not only generated a great deal of the archaeological material we discuss, but also established the framework for integrating archaeobotanical data with everything else. Chenopod research benefits from Christine’s vision of food and regional cuisines as central to and inseparable from considerations of identity, status, exchange, and the development of politically complex societies. As a project P.I., lab director, teacher, and theoretical innovator, Christine influenced, inspired, and enabled much of this research. We also sincerely thank Dr. Lynne Rouse for drafting the Fig. 3.1 map.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA

    Gayle J. Fritz

  2. Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, USA

    Maria C. Bruno

  3. Department of Anthropology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, USA

    BrieAnna S. Langlie

  4. Program in Human Ecology and Archaeobiology and Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA

    Bruce D. Smith

  5. Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 112, 10th and Constitution Ave NW, Washington, D.C., USA

    Logan Kistler

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  1. Gayle J. Fritz
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Correspondence to Gayle J. Fritz .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA

    Matthew P. Sayre

  2. Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, USA

    Maria C. Bruno

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Fritz, G.J., Bruno, M.C., Langlie, B.S., Smith, B.D., Kistler, L. (2017). Cultigen Chenopods in the Americas: A Hemispherical Perspective. In: Sayre, M., Bruno, M. (eds) Social Perspectives on Ancient Lives from Paleoethnobotanical Data. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52849-6_3

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